You only give `Depends` a single parameter.

This parameter must be something like a function.

You **don't call it** directly (don't add the parenthesis at the end), you just pass it as a parameter to `Depends()`.

And that function takes parameters in the same way that *path operation functions* do.

/// tip

<div class="screenshot">
<img src="/img/tutorial/cookie-param-models/image01.png">
</div>

/// info

Have in mind that, as **browsers handle cookies** in special ways and behind the scenes, they **don't** easily allow **JavaScript** to touch them.

If you go to the **API docs UI** at `/docs` you will be able to see the **documentation** for cookies for your *path operations*.

        ),
    ] = None,
    include_in_schema: Annotated[
        bool,
        Doc(
            """
            To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI.
            You probably don't need it, but it's available.

            This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = True,
    json_schema_extra: Annotated[

* If the PR updates one of the internal dependencies, for example it's modifying `requirements.txt` files, or GitHub Action versions, if the tests are passing, the release notes (shown in a summary in the PR) don't show any obvious potential breaking change, you can merge it. 😎

it would **work as expected**. If there's a **required** parameter (without a default value), your **editor** will let you know with an error, **Python** will also complain if you run it without passing the required parameter.

When you don't use `Annotated` and instead use the **(old) default value style**, if you call that function without FastAPI in **other places**, you have to **remember** to pass the arguments to the function for it to work correctly, otherwise the values will be...

  public void testNullPointers() {
    /*
     * Don't bother testing: Preconditions defines a bunch of methods that accept a template (or
     * even entire message) that simultaneously:
     *
     * - _shouldn't_ be null, so we don't annotate it with @Nullable
     *
     * - _can_ be null without causing a runtime failure (because we don't want the interesting

      if (hasRequestBody) {
        // If there's a "Expect: 100-continue" header on the request, wait for a "HTTP/1.1 100
        // Continue" response before transmitting the request body. If we don't get that, return
        // what we did get (such as a 4xx response) without ever transmitting the request body.
        if ("100-continue".equals(request.header("Expect"), ignoreCase = true)) {
          exchange.flushRequest()

    return super.containsAll(c);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isEmpty() {
    assertTrue(Thread.holdsLock(mutex));
    return super.isEmpty();
  }

  /*
   * We don't assert that the lock is held during calls to iterator(), stream(), and spliterator:
   * `Synchronized` doesn't guarantee that it will hold the mutex for those calls because callers
   * are responsible for taking the mutex themselves:

This is useful if you don't know the valid field/attribute names (that would be needed for a Pydantic model) beforehand.

In this case, you can use `typing.Dict` (or just `dict` in Python 3.9 and above):

{* ../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005_py39.py hl[6] *}

## Recap { #recap }

Use multiple Pydantic models and inherit freely for each case.

And you don't have to declare them in any specific order.

They will be detected by name:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004_py310.py hl[6,8] *}

## Required query parameters { #required-query-parameters }

When you declare a default value for non-path parameters (for now, we have only seen query parameters), then it is not required.