checkEmpty(entrySet);
      checkEmpty(cache);
    }
  }

  /* ---------------- Local utilities -------------- */

  /** Most of the tests in this class run against every one of these caches. */
  private Iterable<LoadingCache<Object, Object>> caches() {
    // lots of different ways to configure a LoadingCache
    CacheBuilderFactory factory = cacheFactory();
    return Iterables.transform(

   *   <li>{@linkplain LoadingCache#getAll bulk loading requests}, including {@linkplain
   *       CacheLoader#loadAll bulk loading implementations}
   * </ul>
   *
   * <p><b>Warning:</b> For any given key, every {@code loader} used with it should compute the same
   * value. Otherwise, a call that passes one {@code loader} may return the result of another call

   *     separator
   */
  public abstract BaseEncoding withPadChar(char padChar);

  /**
   * Returns an encoding that behaves equivalently to this encoding, but adds a separator string
   * after every {@code n} characters. Any occurrences of any characters that occur in the separator
   * are skipped over in decoding.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any alphabet or padding characters appear in the separator

 * before the {@link Service} reaches the {@linkplain State#RUNNING RUNNING} state. The set of legal
 * transitions form a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed_acyclic_graph">DAG</a>,
 * therefore every method of the listener will be called at most once. N.B. The {@link State#FAILED}
 * and {@link State#TERMINATED} states are terminal states, once a service enters either of these
 * states it cannot ever leave them.
 *

import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.google.common.primitives.Doubles;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.math.RoundingMode;

/**
 * Exhaustive input sets for every integral type.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
public class MathTesting {
  static final ImmutableSet<RoundingMode> ALL_ROUNDING_MODES =
      ImmutableSet.copyOf(RoundingMode.values());

   *
   * - stored permits (if available)
   *
   * - fresh permits (for any remaining permits)
   *
   * How this works is best explained with an example:
   *
   * For a RateLimiter that produces 1 token per second, every second that goes by with the
   * RateLimiter being unused, we increase storedPermits by 1. Say we leave the RateLimiter unused
   * for 10 seconds (i.e., we expected a request at time X, but we are at time X + 10 seconds before

          checkElementIndex(index, size());
          return rest[index - 2];
      }
    }

    @J2ktIncompatible private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
  }

  /**
   * Returns every possible list that can be formed by choosing one element from each of the given
   * lists in order; the "n-ary <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_product">Cartesian
   * product</a>" of the lists. For example:
   *

      }
    }
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // DoubleMath.roundToLong(double, RoundingMode)
  public void testRoundExactIntegralDoubleToLong() {
    for (double d : INTEGRAL_DOUBLE_CANDIDATES) {
      // every mode except UNNECESSARY
      BigDecimal expected = new BigDecimal(d).setScale(0, UNNECESSARY);
      boolean isInBounds =
          expected.compareTo(MAX_LONG_AS_BIG_DECIMAL) <= 0

   */
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> in(Collection<? extends T> target) {
    return new InPredicate<>(target);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the composition of a function and a predicate. For every {@code x}, the generated
   * predicate returns {@code predicate(function(x))}.
   *
   * @return the composition of the provided function and predicate
   */

              // this has 2 benefits
              // 1. for long chains of futures strung together with setFuture we consume less stack
              // 2. we avoid allocating Cancellation objects at every level of the cancellation
              //    chain
              // We can only do this for TrustedFuture, because TrustedFuture.cancel is final and
              // does nothing but delegate to this method.