}, clause.Select{
				Columns: []clause.Column{{Name: "name"}},
			}, clause.From{}},
			"SELECT `name` FROM `users`", nil,
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{
				Expression: clause.CommaExpression{
					Exprs: []clause.Expression{
						clause.NamedExpr{"?", []interface{}{clause.Column{Name: "id"}}},
						clause.NamedExpr{"?", []interface{}{clause.Column{Name: "name"}}},

func TestPostgres(t *testing.T) {
	if DB.Dialector.Name() != "postgres" {
		t.Skip()
	}

	type Harumph struct {
		gorm.Model
		Name      string         `gorm:"check:name_checker,name <> ''"`
		Test      uuid.UUID      `gorm:"type:uuid;not null;default:gen_random_uuid()"`
		CreatedAt time.Time      `gorm:"type:TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE"`
		UpdatedAt time.Time      `gorm:"type:TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE;default:current_timestamp"`

	if len(users1) != 2 {
		t.Errorf("Should found two users's name in 1, 2, but got %v", len(users1))
	}

	DB.Scopes(NameIn1And2, NameIn2And3).Find(&users2)
	if len(users2) != 1 {
		t.Errorf("Should found one user's name is 2, but got %v", len(users2))
	}

	DB.Scopes(NameIn([]string{users[0].Name, users[2].Name})).Find(&users3)
	if len(users3) != 2 {
		t.Errorf("Should found two users's name in 1, 3, but got %v", len(users3))
	}

		// column has value + defaultValue column has value (which should have a stable order)
		Columns: []clause.Column{{Name: "name"}, {Name: "email"}, {Name: "age"}, {Name: "id"}},
		Values: [][]interface{}{
			{"alice", "email", 18, 1},
			{"bob", "email", 19, 2},
		},
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, values) {
		t.Errorf("expected: %v got %v", expected, values)
	}

	for idx, key := range keys {
		assignments[idx] = Assignment{Column: Column{Name: key}, Value: values[key]}
	}
	return assignments
}

func AssignmentColumns(values []string) Set {
	assignments := make([]Assignment, len(values))
	for idx, value := range values {
		assignments[idx] = Assignment{Column: Column{Name: value}, Value: Column{Table: "excluded", Name: value}}
	}
	return assignments

}

type Pet struct {
	gorm.Model
	UserID *uint
	Name   string
	Toy    Toy `gorm:"polymorphic:Owner;"`
}

type Toy struct {
	gorm.Model
	Name      string
	OwnerID   string
	OwnerType string
}

type Tools struct {
	gorm.Model
	Name     string
	CustomID string
	Type     string
}

type Company struct {
	ID   int
	Name string
}

type Language struct {

			inName = true
			name = name[:0]
		} else if v == ' ' || v == ',' || v == ')' || v == '"' || v == '\'' || v == '`' || v == '\r' || v == '\n' || v == ';' {
			if inName {
				if nv, ok := namedMap[string(name)]; ok {
					builder.AddVar(builder, nv)
				} else {
					builder.WriteByte('@')
					builder.WriteString(string(name))
				}
				inName = false
			}

			afterParenthesis = false

			callMethod := func(s interface{}, name string, args ...interface{}) {
				var argValues []reflect.Value
				for _, arg := range args {
					argValues = append(argValues, reflect.ValueOf(arg))
				}

				results := reflect.ValueOf(s).MethodByName(name).Call(argValues)
				if len(results) > 0 {
					v = results[0].Interface()
				}
			}

			if c.name == "" {
				c.name = getFuncName(c.h)
			}

)

type Locking struct {
	Strength string
	Table    Table
	Options  string
}

// Name where clause name
func (locking Locking) Name() string {
	return "FOR"
}

// Build build where clause
func (locking Locking) Build(builder Builder) {
	builder.WriteString(locking.Strength)
	if locking.Table.Name != "" {
		builder.WriteString(" OF ")
		builder.WriteQuoted(locking.Table)
	}

	ColumnList      []string
	PrimaryKeyValue sql.NullBool
	UniqueValue     sql.NullBool
	OptionValue     string
}

// Table return the table name of the index.
func (idx Index) Table() string {
	return idx.TableName
}

// Name return the name of the index.
func (idx Index) Name() string {
	return idx.NameValue
}

// Columns return the columns of the index
func (idx Index) Columns() []string {
	return idx.ColumnList