* actions taken by the java garbage collection system:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>invoking the {@code finalize} methods of unreachable objects
 *   <li>clearing weak references to unreachable referents
 *   <li>enqueuing weak references to unreachable referents in their reference queue
 * </ul>
 *

   * consistentHash(h, n)} equals:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>{@code n - 1}, with approximate probability {@code 1/n}
   *   <li>{@code consistentHash(h, n - 1)}, otherwise (probability {@code 1 - 1/n})
   * </ul>
   *
   * <p>This method is suitable for the common use case of dividing work among buckets that meet the
   * following conditions:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>You want to assign the same fraction of inputs to each bucket.

 *   <li>Convert multiple instances "forward" using {@code converter.convertAll(as)}.
 *   <li>Convert in the "backward" direction using {@code converter.reverse().convert(b)} or {@code
 *       converter.reverse().convertAll(bs)}.
 *   <li>Use {@code converter} or {@code converter.reverse()} anywhere a {@link
 *       java.util.function.Function} is accepted (for example {@link java.util.stream.Stream#map
 *       Stream.map}).

     * <ul>
     * <li><code>type</code>がパラメータ化された型の配列でない場合は<code>null</code>を返します。</li>
     * <li><code>type</code>が<code>Class</code>の場合はそのまま返します。</li>
     * <li><code>type</code>がパラメータ化された型の場合はその原型を返します。</li>
     * <li><code>type</code>がワイルドカード型の場合は(最初の)上限境界を返します。</li>
     * <li><code>type</code>が型変数の場合はその変数の実際の型引数を返します。</li>
     * <li><code>type</code>が配列の場合はその要素の実際の型の配列を返します。</li>

   *
   * <p>Accepts a decimal, hexadecimal, or octal number given by specifying the following prefix:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>{@code 0x}<i>HexDigits</i>
   *   <li>{@code 0X}<i>HexDigits</i>
   *   <li>{@code #}<i>HexDigits</i>
   *   <li>{@code 0}<i>OctalDigits</i>
   * </ul>
   *
   * @throws NumberFormatException if the string does not contain a valid unsigned {@code int} value
   * @since 13.0

 *       defined this way, but enough to live with.
 *   <li>If you override {@link #setUp} or {@link #tearDown}, make sure to invoke {@code
 *       super.setUp} and {@code super.tearDown} within them. These methods are used to clear and
 *       check for thread assertion failures.
 *   <li>All delays and timeouts must use one of the constants {@code SHORT_DELAY_MS}, {@code

   * class documentation above). This method is <i>generally expected</i>, but not absolutely
   * required, to have the following properties:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>Its execution does not cause any observable side effects.
   *   <li>The computation is <i>consistent with equals</i>; that is, {@link Objects#equal
   *       Objects.equal}{@code (a, b)} implies that {@code predicate.apply(a) ==
   *       predicate.apply(b))}.

     * defined precedence onto each other to achieve proper precedence. Precedence is defined as:
     * <ul>
     *     <li>System properties (lowest precedence)</li>
     *     <li>Project properties (optional)</li>
     *     <li>User properties (highest precedence)</li>
     * </ul>
     * Note: Project properties contains properties injected from profiles, if applicable. Their precedence is

 *
 * <p>Some uses of this class include
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>As a method return type, as an alternative to returning {@code null} to indicate that no
 *       value was available
 *   <li>To distinguish between "unknown" (for example, not present in a map) and "known to have no
 *       value" (present in the map, with value {@code Optional.absent()})

     *     </ul>
     *   </li>
     *   <li>Otherwise (test output contains no module information), then:
     *     <ul>
     *       <li>If the main output is on the module-path, place the test output
     *           on a {@code --patch-module} option.</li>
     *       <li>Otherwise (main output on the class-path), place the test output on the class-path too.</li>
     *     </ul>
     *   </li>