func(d *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB { return d.Where("a = 1") },
					func(d *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
						return d.Where(DB.Or("b = 2").Or("c = 3"))
					},
				).Find(&Language{})
			},
			expected: `SELECT * FROM "languages" WHERE a = 1 AND (b = 2 OR c = 3)`,
		}, {
			name: "depth_1_pre_cond",
			queryFn: func(tx *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
				return tx.Where("z = 0").Scopes(
					func(d *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB { return d.Where("a = 1") },

	r := dryDB.Distinct("u.id, u.*").Table("user_speaks as s").Joins("inner join users as u on u.id = s.user_id").Where("s.language_code ='US' or s.language_code ='ES'").Find(&User{})
	if !regexp.MustCompile(`SELECT DISTINCT u\.id, u\.\* FROM user_speaks as s inner join users as u`).MatchString(r.Statement.SQL.String()) {
		t.Fatalf("Build Distinct with u.*, but got %v", r.Statement.SQL.String())
	}

		s = dir
	}
	return filepath.ToSlash(s) + "/"
}

// FileWithLineNum return the file name and line number of the current file
func FileWithLineNum() string {
	pcs := [13]uintptr{}
	// the third caller usually from gorm internal
	len := runtime.Callers(3, pcs[:])
	frames := runtime.CallersFrames(pcs[:len])
	for i := 0; i < len; i++ {
		// second return value is "more", not "ok"
		frame, _ := frames.Next()

		sql = numericPlaceholderRe.ReplaceAllStringFunc(sql, func(v string) string {
			num := v[1 : len(v)-1]
			n, _ := strconv.Atoi(num)

			// position var start from 1 ($1, $2)
			n -= 1
			if n >= 0 && n <= len(vars)-1 {
				return vars[n]
			}
			return v
		})
	}

	return sql

func (ns NamingStrategy) TableName(str string) string {
	if ns.SingularTable {
		return ns.TablePrefix + ns.toDBName(str)
	}
	return ns.TablePrefix + inflection.Plural(ns.toDBName(str))
}

// SchemaName generate schema name from table name, don't guarantee it is the reverse value of TableName
func (ns NamingStrategy) SchemaName(table string) string {
	table = strings.TrimPrefix(table, ns.TablePrefix)

	if ns.SingularTable {

	Name int
}

func TestAlterColumnDataType(t *testing.T) {
	DB.AutoMigrate(Company{})

	if err := DB.Table("companies").Migrator().AlterColumn(CompanyNew{}, "name"); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to alter column from string to int, got error %v", err)
	}

	DB.AutoMigrate(Company{})

			"SELECT * FROM `users` LIMIT ?",
			[]interface{}{limit0},
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.Limit{Offset: 20}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` OFFSET ?",
			[]interface{}{20},
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.Limit{Offset: 20}, clause.Limit{Offset: 30}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` OFFSET ?",

package clause

type JoinType string

const (
	CrossJoin JoinType = "CROSS"
	InnerJoin JoinType = "INNER"
	LeftJoin  JoinType = "LEFT"
	RightJoin JoinType = "RIGHT"
)

// Join clause for from
type Join struct {
	Type       JoinType
	Table      Table
	ON         Where
	Using      []string
	Expression Expression
}

func (join Join) Build(builder Builder) {
	if join.Expression != nil {

	}

	var count1, count2 int64
	DB.Model(&User{}).Count(&count1)
	if count1 <= 0 {
		t.Errorf("Should find some users")
	}

	if DB.Where("name = ?", "jinzhu; delete * from users").First(&User{}).Error == nil {
		t.Errorf("Should got error with invalid SQL")
	}

	DB.Model(&User{}).Count(&count2)
	if count1 != count2 {
		t.Errorf("No user should not be deleted by invalid SQL")
	}
}

					if len(values) > 0 {
						db.Statement.AddClause(clause.Where{Exprs: []clause.Expression{clause.IN{Column: column, Values: values}}})
					}
				}
			}

			db.Statement.AddClauseIfNotExists(clause.From{})

			db.Statement.Build(db.Statement.BuildClauses...)
		}

		checkMissingWhereConditions(db)

		if !db.DryRun && db.Error == nil {
			ok, mode := hasReturning(db, supportReturning)
			if !ok {