if err.Error() != testCase.expectedErr.Error() {
					if runtime.GOOS != globalWindowsOSName {
						t.Errorf("Case: %d %#v, expected: %s, got: %s", i+1, testCase, testCase.expectedErr, err)
					} else {
						var resultErrno, expectErrno uintptr
						if pathErr, ok := err.(*os.PathError); ok {
							if errno, pok := pathErr.Err.(syscall.Errno); pok {
								resultErrno = uintptr(errno)

<img src="/img/python-types/image06.png">

Notice that this means "`one_person` is an **instance** of the class `Person`".

It doesn't mean "`one_person` is the **class** called `Person`".

## Pydantic models

<a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> is a Python library to perform data validation.

You declare the "shape" of the data as classes with attributes.

      contain a complex error message if error_msg does not provide enough
      information. In that case, set suppress_default_error to True.
    error_msg: (String) String with one and only one '%s'. Formatted with each
      invalid response upon check_success(input) failure.
    suppress_default_error: (Bool) Suppress the above error message in favor of
      one from the check_success function.

An error on not-int-const:1 indicates that foo is not an integer constant.
An error on not-num-const:1 indicates that foo is not a number constant.
An error on not-str-lit:1 indicates that foo is not a string literal.
An error on not-signed-int-const:1 indicates that foo is not a signed integer constant.

The line number specifies the name involved. In the example, 1 is foo.

Next, cgo must learn the details of each type, variable, function, or

<img src="/img/python-types/image06.png">

Lưu ý rằng, điều này có nghĩa rằng "`one_person`" là một **thực thể** của lớp `Person`.

Nó không có nghĩa "`one_person`" là một **lớp** gọi là `Person`.

## Pydantic models

<a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> là một thư viện Python để validate dữ liệu hiệu năng cao.

$(TARGET_OUT)/istio_is_init: bin/init.sh istio.deps | $(TARGET_OUT)
	@# Add a retry, as occasionally we see transient connection failures to GCS
	@# Like `curl: (56) OpenSSL SSL_read: SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL, errno 104`
	TARGET_OUT=$(TARGET_OUT) ISTIO_BIN=$(ISTIO_BIN) GOOS_LOCAL=$(GOOS_LOCAL) bin/retry.sh SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL bin/init.sh
	touch $(TARGET_OUT)/istio_is_init

.PHONY: init-ztunnel-rs
init-ztunnel-rs:
	TARGET_OUT=$(TARGET_OUT) bin/build_ztunnel.sh

					t.Fatal(err)
				}
				t.Logf("got expected error: %v", err)
				return
			}

			if err = s3Select.Open(newBytesRSC(testCase.input)); err != nil {
				if !testCase.wantErr {
					t.Fatal(err)
				}
				t.Logf("got expected error: %v", err)
				return
			} else if testCase.wantErr {
				t.Error("did not get expected error")
				return
			}

			w := &testResponseWriter{}

<img src="/img/tutorial/body/image03.png">

Você também poderá receber verificações de erros para operações de tipos incorretas:

<img src="/img/tutorial/body/image04.png">

Isso não é por acaso, todo o framework foi construído em volta deste design.

        .`when`(
          request().withPath("/person")
            .withQueryStringParameter("name", "peter"),
        )
        .respond(response().withBody("Peter the person!"))

      val response = client.newCall(Request((mockServer.endpoint + "/person?name=peter").toHttpUrl())).execute()

      assertThat(response.body.string()).contains("Peter the person")
    }
  }

  @Test
  fun testHttpsRequest() {

          Request((mockServer.secureEndpoint + "/person?name=peter").toHttpUrl()),
        ).execute()

      assertThat(response.body.string()).contains("Peter the person")
      assertThat(response.protocol).isEqualTo(Protocol.HTTP_1_1)
    }
  }

  @Test
  fun testUrlConnectionDirect() {
    testRequest {
      val url = URI(mockServer.endpoint + "/person?name=peter").toURL()