if _, ok := db.Statement.Clauses["RETURNING"]; !ok {
					fromColumns := make([]clause.Column, 0, len(db.Statement.Schema.FieldsWithDefaultDBValue))
					for _, field := range db.Statement.Schema.FieldsWithDefaultDBValue {
						fromColumns = append(fromColumns, clause.Column{Name: field.DBName})
					}
					db.Statement.AddClause(clause.Returning{Columns: fromColumns})
				}
			}
		}

		if db.Statement.SQL.Len() == 0 {

type CreateClausesInterface interface {
	CreateClauses(*Field) []clause.Interface
}

// QueryClausesInterface query clauses interface
type QueryClausesInterface interface {
	QueryClauses(*Field) []clause.Interface
}

// UpdateClausesInterface update clauses interface
type UpdateClausesInterface interface {
	UpdateClauses(*Field) []clause.Interface
}

// DeleteClausesInterface delete clauses interface

			},
		},
		ReflectValue: reflect.ValueOf(dest),
		Dest:         dest,
	}

	stmt.Schema = s

	values := ConvertToCreateValues(stmt)
	expected := clause.Values{
		// column has value + defaultValue column has value (which should have a stable order)
		Columns: []clause.Column{{Name: "name"}, {Name: "email"}, {Name: "age"}, {Name: "id"}},
		Values: [][]interface{}{
			{"alice", "email", 18, 1},
			{"bob", "email", 19, 2},
		},
	}

						if len(values) > 0 {
							conds = append(conds, clause.IN{Column: clause.PrimaryColumn, Values: values})
							return []clause.Expression{clause.And(conds...)}
						}
						return nil
					}
				}

				conds = append(conds, clause.IN{Column: clause.PrimaryColumn, Values: args})
			}
		}
	}

	if len(conds) > 0 {
		return []clause.Expression{clause.And(conds...)}
	}
	return nil
}

		return
	}

	// Analyze where clause
	if selectAST.Where != nil {
		whereQProp := selectAST.Where.analyze(&selectAST)
		if whereQProp.err != nil {
			err = errQueryAnalysisFailure(fmt.Errorf("Where clause error: %w", whereQProp.err))
			return
		}

		if whereQProp.isAggregation {
			err = errQueryAnalysisFailure(errors.New("WHERE clause cannot have an aggregation"))
			return
		}
	}

					stmt.AddClause(clause.Where{Exprs: []clause.Expression{clause.IN{Column: column, Values: values}}})
				}
			}
		case reflect.Struct:
			for _, field := range stmt.Schema.PrimaryFields {
				if value, isZero := field.ValueOf(stmt.Context, stmt.ReflectValue); !isZero {
					stmt.AddClause(clause.Where{Exprs: []clause.Expression{clause.Eq{Column: field.DBName, Value: value}}})
				}
			}
		}

			"SELECT * FROM `users` FOR SHARE OF `users`", nil,
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.Locking{Strength: clause.LockingStrengthUpdate, Options: clause.LockingOptionsNoWait}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` FOR UPDATE NOWAIT", nil,
		},
		{

	CheckUser(t, user, user)

	var user2 User
	DB.Preload(clause.Associations).Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
	CheckUser(t, user2, user)

	user3 := *GetUser("preload_with_associations_new", Config{
		Account:   true,
		Pets:      2,
		Toys:      3,
		Company:   true,
		Manager:   true,
		Team:      4,
		Languages: 3,
		Friends:   1,
	})

	DB.Preload(clause.Associations).Find(&user3, "id = ?", user.ID)

package clause

import (
	"strings"
)

const (
	AndWithSpace = " AND "
	OrWithSpace  = " OR "
)

// Where where clause
type Where struct {
	Exprs []Expression
}

// Name where clause name
func (where Where) Name() string {
	return "WHERE"
}

// Build build where clause
func (where Where) Build(builder Builder) {
	if len(where.Exprs) == 1 {
		if andCondition, ok := where.Exprs[0].(AndConditions); ok {

import (
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"sort"
	"strings"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils"
)

// parsePreloadMap extracts nested preloads. e.g.
//
//	// schema has a "k0" relation and a "k7.k8" embedded relation
//	parsePreloadMap(schema, map[string][]interface{}{
//		clause.Associations: {"arg1"},
//		"k1":                {"arg2"},
//		"k2.k3":             {"arg3"},