if tx.Statement.Distinct {
					expr = clause.Expr{SQL: "COUNT(DISTINCT(?))", Vars: []interface{}{clause.Column{Name: dbName}}}
				} else if dbName != "*" {
					expr = clause.Expr{SQL: "COUNT(?)", Vars: []interface{}{clause.Column{Name: dbName}}}
				}
			}
		}

		tx.Statement.AddClause(clause.Select{Expression: expr})
	}

	if orderByClause, ok := db.Statement.Clauses["ORDER BY"]; ok {

	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

func TestUpsert(t *testing.T) {
	lang := Language{Code: "upsert", Name: "Upsert"}
	if err := DB.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{DoNothing: true}).Create(&lang).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to upsert, got %v", err)
	}

	lang2 := Language{Code: "upsert", Name: "Upsert"}

package clause_test

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
)

func TestInsert(t *testing.T) {
	results := []struct {
		Clauses []clause.Interface
		Result  string
		Vars    []interface{}
	}{
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Insert{}},
			"INSERT INTO `users`", nil,
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Insert{Modifier: "LOW_PRIORITY"}},
			"INSERT LOW_PRIORITY INTO `users`", nil,
		},
		{

package clause_test

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
)

func TestUpdate(t *testing.T) {
	results := []struct {
		Clauses []clause.Interface
		Result  string
		Vars    []interface{}
	}{
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Update{}},
			"UPDATE `users`", nil,
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Update{Modifier: "LOW_PRIORITY"}},
			"UPDATE LOW_PRIORITY `users`", nil,
		},
		{

		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{
				Columns: []clause.Column{clause.PrimaryColumn},
			}, clause.Select{
				Columns: []clause.Column{{Name: "name"}},
			}, clause.From{}},
			"SELECT `name` FROM `users`", nil,
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{
				Expression: clause.CommaExpression{
					Exprs: []clause.Expression{
						clause.NamedExpr{"?", []interface{}{clause.Column{Name: "id"}}},

		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.Limit{Limit: &limit0}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` LIMIT ?",
			[]interface{}{limit0},
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.Limit{Limit: &limit0}, clause.Limit{Offset: 0}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` LIMIT ?",
			[]interface{}{limit0},
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.Limit{Offset: 20}},

					clauseSelect.Columns = make([]clause.Column, len(stmt.Schema.DBNames))

					for idx, dbName := range stmt.Schema.DBNames {
						clauseSelect.Columns[idx] = clause.Column{Table: db.Statement.Table, Name: dbName}
					}
				}
			}
		}

		// inline joins
		fromClause := clause.From{}
		if v, ok := db.Statement.Clauses["FROM"].Expression.(clause.From); ok {
			fromClause = v
		}

				for _, cond := range queryConds {
					if c, ok := cond.(clause.IN); ok && len(c.Values) == 0 {
						withoutConditions = true
						break
					}
				}

				if !withoutConditions && db.AddError(tx.Clauses(clause.Where{Exprs: queryConds}).Delete(modelValue).Error) != nil {
					return
				}
			case schema.Many2Many:
				var (
					queryConds     = make([]clause.Expression, 0, len(rel.References))

		builder.WriteQuoted(locking.Table)
	}

	if locking.Options != "" {
		builder.WriteByte(' ')
		builder.WriteString(locking.Options)
	}
}

// MergeClause merge order by clauses
func (locking Locking) MergeClause(clause *Clause) {
	clause.Expression = locking

		builder.WriteByte('=')
		builder.WriteQuoted(Column{Name: PrimaryKey})
	}
}

// MergeClause merge assignments clauses
func (set Set) MergeClause(clause *Clause) {
	copiedAssignments := make([]Assignment, len(set))
	copy(copiedAssignments, set)
	clause.Expression = Set(copiedAssignments)
}

func Assignments(values map[string]interface{}) Set {
	keys := make([]string, 0, len(values))