@Override
    public void onRemoval(RemovalNotification<K, V> notification) {
      add(notification);
    }
  }

  /**
   * {@link RemovalListener} that counts each {@link RemovalNotification} it receives, and provides
   * access to the most-recently received one.
   */
  static class CountingRemovalListener<K, V> implements RemovalListener<K, V> {
    private final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();

/**
 * Determines a true or false value for a given input; a pre-Java-8 version of {@link
 * java.util.function.Predicate java.util.function.Predicate}.
 *
 * <p>The {@link Predicates} class provides common predicates and related utilities.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a
 * href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/FunctionalExplained">the use of {@code Predicate}</a>.
 *
 * <h3>For Java 8+ users</h3>

	return err.statusCode
}

func (err *s3Error) Error() string {
	return err.message
}

func errMalformedXML(err error) *s3Error {
	return &s3Error{
		code:       "MalformedXML",
		message:    "The XML provided was not well-formed or did not validate against our published schema. Check the service documentation and try again: " + err.Error(),
		statusCode: 400,
		cause:      err,
	}
}

```Python hl_lines="6-7  21-22"
{!../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// note | "Technical Details"

You could also use `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.responses` as `fastapi.responses` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But most of the available responses come directly from Starlette.

///

## Returning a custom `Response`

///

/// note | "Technical Details"

You could also use `from starlette.requests import Request`.

**FastAPI** provides it as a convenience for you, the developer. But it comes directly from Starlette.

///

### Before and after the `response`

You can add code to be run with the `request`,  before any *path operation* receives it.

func (r *PipeReader) CloseWithError(err error) error {
	err = r.PipeReader.CloseWithError(err)
	r.wait()
	return err
}

// WaitPipe implements wait-group backend io.Pipe to provide
// synchronization between read() end with write() end.
func WaitPipe() (*PipeReader, *PipeWriter) {
	r, w := io.Pipe()
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	wg.Add(1)
	return &PipeReader{
			PipeReader: r,

The following section documents environment variables for enabling external identity management using an OpenID Connect (OIDC)-compatible provider. ## See https://min.io/docs/minio/linux/operations/external-iam/configure-openid-external-identity-management.html for a tutorial on using these variables. oidc: enabled: false configUrl: "https://identity-provider-url/.well-known/openid-configuration" clientId: "minio" clientSecret: "" claimName: "policy" scopes: "openid,profile,email" redirectUri: "...

The following section documents environment variables for enabling external identity management using an OpenID Connect (OIDC)-compatible provider. ## See https://min.io/docs/minio/linux/operations/external-iam/configure-openid-external-identity-management.html for a tutorial on using these variables. oidc: enabled: false configUrl: "https://identity-provider-url/.well-known/openid-configuration" clientId: "minio" clientSecret: "" claimName: "policy" scopes: "openid,profile,email" redirectUri: "...

The following section documents environment variables for enabling external identity management using an OpenID Connect (OIDC)-compatible provider. ## See https://min.io/docs/minio/linux/operations/external-iam/configure-openid-external-identity-management.html for a tutorial on using these variables. oidc: enabled: false configUrl: "https://identity-provider-url/.well-known/openid-configuration" clientId: "minio" clientSecret: "" claimName: "policy" scopes: "openid,profile,email" redirectUri: "...

The following section documents environment variables for enabling external identity management using an OpenID Connect (OIDC)-compatible provider. ## See https://min.io/docs/minio/linux/operations/external-iam/configure-openid-external-identity-management.html for a tutorial on using these variables. oidc: enabled: false configUrl: "https://identity-provider-url/.well-known/openid-configuration" clientId: "minio" clientSecret: "" claimName: "policy" scopes: "openid,profile,email" redirectUri: "...