/**
 * Static utility methods pertaining to {@code short} primitives, that are not already found in
 * either {@link Short} or {@link Arrays}.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a
 * href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/PrimitivesExplained">primitive utilities</a>.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @since 1.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
public final class Shorts extends ShortsMethodsForWeb {

/**
 * A {@link ListMultimap} whose contents will never change, with many other important properties
 * detailed at {@link ImmutableCollection}.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a href=
 * "https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/ImmutableCollectionsExplained">immutable collections</a>.
 *
 * @author Jared Levy
 * @since 2.0
 */
@GwtCompatible

/// info | 情報

FastAPIはこれをするために、Pydanticモデルの`.dict()`を<a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/serialization/#modeldict" class="external-link" target="_blank">その`exclude_unset`パラメータ</a>で使用しています。

///

/// info | 情報

以下も使用することができます:

* `response_model_exclude_defaults=True`
* `response_model_exclude_none=True`

 * <i>if and only if</i> {@code a.equals(b)}. If this advice is not followed, the resulting
 * collection will not correctly obey its specification.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a href=
 * "https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/ImmutableCollectionsExplained">immutable collections</a>.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 * @since 12.0
 */
@GwtIncompatible // hasn't been tested yet

/**
 * A {@link ValueGraph} whose elements and structural relationships will never change. Instances of
 * this class may be obtained with {@link #copyOf(ValueGraph)}.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User's Guide's <a
 * href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/GraphsExplained#immutable-implementations">discussion
 * of the {@code Immutable*} types</a> for more information on the properties and guarantees
 * provided by this class.
 *

<tbody><tr><td><code>name</code></td><td><code>str</code></td><td><strong>REQUIRED</strong> (if a <code>license_info</code> is set). The license name used for the API.</td></tr><tr><td><code>identifier</code></td><td><code>str</code></td><td>An <a href="https://spdx.org/licenses/" class="external-link" target="_blank">SPDX</a> license expression for the API. The <code>identifier</code> field is mutually exclusive of the <code>url</code> field. <small>Available since OpenAPI 3.1.0, FastAPI 0.99.0...

FastAPI CLI는 Python 프로그램의 경로(예: `main.py`)를 인수로 받아, `FastAPI` 인스턴스(일반적으로 `app`으로 명명)를 자동으로 감지하고 올바른 임포트 과정을 결정한 후 이를 실행합니다.

프로덕션 환경에서는 `fastapi run` 명령어를 사용합니다. 🚀

내부적으로, **FastAPI CLI**는 고성능의, 프로덕션에 적합한, ASGI 서버인 <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a>을 사용합니다. 😎

## `fastapi dev`

`fastapi dev` 명령을 실행하면 개발 모드가 시작됩니다.

/**
 * A sorted multiset which forwards all its method calls to another sorted multiset. Subclasses
 * should override one or more methods to modify the behavior of the backing multiset as desired per
 * the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decorator_pattern">decorator pattern</a>.
 *
 * <p><b>Warning:</b> The methods of {@code ForwardingSortedMultiset} forward

## どう見えるか

まずはこのコードを使って、どう動くか観察します。その後で、何が起こっているのか理解しましょう。

## `main.py`を作成

`main.py`に、下記の例をコピーします:

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py *}

## 実行

/// info | 情報

まず<a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>をインストールします。

例えば、`pip install python-multipart`。

これは、**OAuth2**が `ユーザー名` や `パスワード` を送信するために、「フォームデータ」を使うからです。

///

   * to remove() will incorrectly throw an IllegalStateException, instead of removing the last
   * element returned.
   *
   * <p>See <a href="https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-6529795">JDK-6529795</a>
   */
  static class IteratorWithJdkBug6529795<T> implements Iterator<T> {
    Iterator<T> iterator;
    boolean nextThrewException;