* @throws IllegalStateException if the dataset is empty
   */
  public double populationCovariance() {
    checkState(count() != 0);
    return sumOfProductsOfDeltas / count();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the sample covariance of the values. The count must be greater than one.
   *
   * <p>This is not guaranteed to return zero when the dataset consists of the same pair of values
   * multiple times, due to numerical errors.
   *

     *
     * The key idea is that based on the number of leading zeros (equivalently, floor(log2(x))), we
     * can narrow the possible floor(log10(x)) values to two. For example, if floor(log2(x)) is 6,
     * then 64 <= x < 128, so floor(log10(x)) is either 1 or 2.
     */
    int y = maxLog10ForLeadingZeros[Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(x)];
    /*

      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).

      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the

      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).

      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the

### Langkah 3: Buat *operasi path*

#### Path

"Path" atau jalur di sini merujuk ke bagian URL terakhir dimulai dari `/` pertama.

Sehingga, URL seperti:

```
https://example.com/items/foo
```

...path-nya adalah:

```
/items/foo
```

/// info

"path" juga biasa disebut "endpoint" atau "route".

///

        lenient().when(gssManager.createContext(any(), any(), any(), anyInt())).thenReturn(gssContext);

        // Create Kerb5Context with mocked dependencies
        ctx = new Kerb5Context("host.example", "cifs", null, 0, 0, null);
    }

    @AfterEach
    void tearDown() {
        if (mockedStatic != null) {
            mockedStatic.close();
        }
    }

### Passo 3: crie uma *rota*

#### Rota

"Rota" aqui se refere à última parte da URL, começando do primeiro `/`.

Então, em uma URL como:

```
https://example.com/items/foo
```

...a rota seria:

```
/items/foo
```

/// info | Informação

Uma "rota" também é comumente chamada de "endpoint".

///

      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).

      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the

      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).

      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the

                 * for the addresses hostname or failed lookups for one type will
                 * be cached and cause other types to fail even though they may
                 * not be the authority for the name. For example, if a WINS lookup
                 * for FOO fails and caches unknownAddress for FOO, a subsequent
                 * lookup for FOO using BCAST should not fail because of that
                 * name cached from WINS.