Para fazer isso, use a dica de tipo padrão do Python <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" class="external-link" target="_blank">`typing.Union`</a>:

/// note

///

/// info

👆 💪 ⚙️:

* `response_model_exclude_defaults=True`
* `response_model_exclude_none=True`

🔬 <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/serialization/#modeldict" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic 🩺</a> `exclude_defaults` &amp; `exclude_none`.

///

/// info | "Informação"

Você pode ler mais sobre o manipulador `lifespan` do Starlette na <a href="https://www.starlette.io/lifespan/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Documentação do Lifespan Starlette</a>.

/// info

You can read more about the Starlette `lifespan` handlers in <a href="https://www.starlette.io/lifespan/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette's  Lifespan' docs</a>.

```Python hl_lines="27-31"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py!}
```

/// note | "笔记"

更多细节详见 <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette 官档 - 测试 WebSockets</a>。

-->

<paramdoc xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 ../../../../../../../maven-plugin-parameter-documenter/target/generated-site/xsd/paramdoc-1.0.0.xsd ">
  <expressions>
    <expression>
      <syntax>localRepository</syntax>
      <configuration>
        <![CDATA[
      Inside ~/.m2/settings.xml:

tail -f ./fess-*/logs/*.log &

mvn test -P integrationTests -Dtest.fess.url="http://localhost:8080" -Dtest.search_engine.url="http://localhost:9201"
ret=$?

if [ $ret != 0 ] ; then
  for f in `find ./target -type f | grep surefire-reports | grep -v /TEST-` ; do
    cat $f
  done
fi

{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py!}
```

/// note

For more details, check Starlette's documentation for <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">testing WebSockets</a>.

 * <p>
 * For example, if user <tt>WNET\alice</tt> tries to open a file
 * with desired access bits <tt>0x00000003</tt> (<tt>FILE_READ_DATA |
 * FILE_WRITE_DATA</tt>) and the target file has the following security
 * descriptor ACEs:
 * 
 * <pre>
 * Allow WNET\alice     0x001200A9  Direct
 * Allow Administrators 0x001F01FF  Inherited
 * Allow SYSTEM         0x001F01FF  Inherited
 * </pre>
 * 

</td><td><strong>REQUIRED</strong> (if a <code>license_info</code> is set). The license name used for the API.</td></tr><tr><td><code>identifier</code></td><td><code>str</code></td><td>An <a href="https://spdx.org/licenses/" class="external-link" target="_blank">SPDX</a> license expression for the API. The <code>identifier</code> field is mutually exclusive of the <code>url</code> field. <small>Available since OpenAPI 3.1.0, FastAPI 0.99.0.</small></td></tr><tr><td><code>url</code></td><td><code...