"loc": ["path", "item_id"],
                    "msg": "Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer",
                    "input": "foo",
                }
            ]
        }
    ) | IsDict(
        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
        {
            "detail": [
                {
                    "loc": ["path", "item_id"],

@needs_py39
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path,headers,expected_status,expected_response",
    [
        ("/items", None, 200, {"X-Token values": None}),
        ("/items", {"x-token": "foo"}, 200, {"X-Token values": ["foo"]}),
        # TODO: fix this, is it a bug?
        # ("/items", [("x-token", "foo"), ("x-token", "bar")], 200, {"X-Token values": ["foo", "bar"]}),
    ],
)

	return err
}

// Check if the incoming path has bad path components,
// such as ".." and "."
func hasBadPathComponent(path string) bool {
	if len(path) > 4096 {
		// path cannot be greater than Linux PATH_MAX
		// this is to avoid a busy loop, that can happen
		// if the caller sends path of following style
		// a/a/a/a/a/a/a/a...
		return true
	}

path-key@^3.1.0:
  version "3.1.1"
  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/path-key/-/path-key-3.1.1.tgz#581f6ade658cbba65a0d3380de7753295054f375"
  integrity sha512-ojmeN0qd+y0jszEtoY48r0Peq5dwMEkIlCOu6Q5f41lfkswXuKtYrhgoTpLnyIcHm24Uhqx+5Tqm2InSwLhE6Q==

path-parse@^1.0.7:
  version "1.0.7"

```

////

/// note | "技术细节"

`Header` 是 `Path`、`Query`、`Cookie` 的**兄弟类**，都继承自共用的 `Param` 类。

注意，从 `fastapi` 导入的 `Query`、`Path`、`Header` 等对象，实际上是返回特殊类的函数。

///

/// info | "说明"

必须使用 `Header` 声明 header 参数，否则该参数会被解释为查询参数。

///

## 自动转换

`Header` 比 `Path`、`Query` 和 `Cookie` 提供了更多功能。

大部分标准请求头用**连字符**分隔，即**减号**（`-`）。

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Path

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_items(
    item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=1)], q: str
):
    results = {"item_id": item_id}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

		LockedFile: lkFile,
		refs:       1,
	}, nil
}

// RLockedOpenFile - returns a wrapped read locked file, if the file
// doesn't exist at path returns an error.
func RLockedOpenFile(path string) (*RLockedFile, error) {
	lkFile, err := LockedOpenFile(path, os.O_RDONLY, 0o666)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return newRLockedFile(lkFile)
}

// LockedFile represents a locked file

@needs_py310
def test_post_file(tmp_path: Path, client: TestClient):
    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")

    with path.open("rb") as file:
        response = client.post("/files/", files={"file": file})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"file_size": 14}


@needs_py310
def test_post_upload_file(tmp_path: Path, client: TestClient):

client = TestClient(app)


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path,expected_status,expected_response",
    [
        ("/", 200, {"message": "Hello World"}),
        ("/nonexistent", 404, {"detail": "Not Found"}),
    ],
)
def test_get_path(path, expected_status, expected_response):
    response = client.get(path)
    assert response.status_code == expected_status
    assert response.json() == expected_response

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Path

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_items(
    item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", gt=0, le=1000)],
    q: str,
):
    results = {"item_id": item_id}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})