*       threads.
 *   <li><b>Integrity.</b> This type cannot be subclassed outside this package (which would allow
 *       these guarantees to be violated).
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h4>"Interfaces", not implementations</h4>
 *
 * <p>These are classes instead of interfaces to prevent external subtyping, but should be thought

```

## 4. Install Certificates from Third-party CAs

MinIO can connect to other servers, including MinIO nodes or other server types such as NATs and Redis. If these servers use certificates that were not registered with a known CA, add trust for these certificates to MinIO Server by placing these certificates under one of the following MinIO configuration paths:

* **Linux:** `~/.minio/certs/CAs/`
* **Windows**: `C:\Users\<Username>\.minio\certs\CAs`

## Origin { #origin }

An origin is the combination of protocol (`http`, `https`), domain (`myapp.com`, `localhost`, `localhost.tiangolo.com`), and port (`80`, `443`, `8080`).

So, all these are different origins:

* `http://localhost`
* `https://localhost`
* `http://localhost:8080`

Even if they are all in `localhost`, they use different protocols or ports, so, they are different "origins".

    ```kotlin
    if (credential == response.request.header("Authorization")) {
      return null // If we already failed with these credentials, don't retry.
     }
    ```

   * powerSet(ImmutableSet.of(1, 2))} returns the set {@code {{}, {1}, {2}, {1, 2}}}.
   *
   * <p>Elements appear in these subsets in the same iteration order as they appeared in the input
   * set. The order in which these subsets appear in the outer set is undefined. Note that the power
   * set of the empty set is not the empty set, but a one-element set containing the empty set.
   *

  public int hashCode() {
    return delegate().hashCode();
  }

  /**
   * A sensible definition of {@link #equals(Object)} in terms of {@link #getKey()} and {@link
   * #getValue()}. If you override either of these methods, you may wish to override {@link
   * #equals(Object)} to forward to this implementation.
   *
   * @since 7.0
   */
  protected boolean standardEquals(@Nullable Object object) {
    if (object instanceof Entry) {

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/// tip

All this might seem contrived. And it might not be very clear how is it useful yet.

These examples are intentionally simple, but show how it all works.

In the chapters about security, there are utility functions that are implemented in this same way.

If you understood all this, you already know how those utility tools for security work underneath.

  if (enable) {
    optimizer_options->set_global_jit_level(tensorflow::OptimizerOptions::ON_1);

    // These XLA flags are needed to trigger XLA properly from C (more generally
    // non-Python) clients. If this API is called again with `enable` set to
    // false, it is safe to keep these flag values as is.
    tensorflow::MarkForCompilationPassFlags* flags =
        tensorflow::GetMarkForCompilationPassFlags();

And Pydantic's `Field` returns an instance of `FieldInfo` as well.

`Body` also returns objects of a subclass of `FieldInfo` directly. And there are others you will see later that are subclasses of the `Body` class.

Remember that when you import `Query`, `Path`, and others from `fastapi`, those are actually functions that return special classes.

///

/// tip