```Python hl_lines="2  12  15-18"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip

Notice that the testing functions are normal `def`, not `async def`.

And the calls to the client are also normal calls, not using `await`.

This allows you to use `pytest` directly without complications.

///

/// note | "Technical Details"

You could also use `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`.

## Tools {#tools}

### Go command {#go-command}

### Cgo {#cgo}

Cgo currently refuses to compile calls to a C function which has multiple
incompatible declarations. For instance, if `f` is declared as both `void f(int)`
and `void f(double)`, cgo will report an error instead of possibly generating an
incorrect call sequence for `f(0)`. New in this release is a better detector for
this error condition when the incompatible declarations appear in different

          Reflection.newProxy(Map.class, new CheckSetUpInvocationHandler(map, setUpRan));
      return proxy;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Intercepts calls to a {@code Map} to check that {@code setUpRan} is true when they happen. Then
   * forwards the calls to the underlying {@code Map}.
   */
  private static class CheckSetUpInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler, Serializable {
    private final Map<String, String> map;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * Tester to ensure forwarding wrapper works by delegating calls to the corresponding method with
 * the same parameters forwarded and return value forwarded back or exception propagated as is.
 *
 * <p>For example:
 *
 * <pre>{@code

     */
    List<FileNotifyInformation> watch () throws CIFSException;


    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @see java.util.concurrent.Callable#call()
     */
    @Override
    List<FileNotifyInformation> call () throws CIFSException;


    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @see java.lang.AutoCloseable#close()
     */
    @Override
    void close () throws CIFSException;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ListIterator;
import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * A list which forwards all its method calls to another list. Subclasses should override one or
 * more methods to modify the behavior of the backing list as desired per the <a
 * href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decorator_pattern">decorator pattern</a>.
 *

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NavigableSet;
import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * A sorted multiset which forwards all its method calls to another sorted multiset. Subclasses
 * should override one or more methods to modify the behavior of the backing multiset as desired per
 * the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decorator_pattern">decorator pattern</a>.
 *

| `minio_inter_node_traffic_dial_avg_time`  | Average time of internodes TCP dial calls.              |
| `minio_inter_node_traffic_dial_errors`    | Total number of internode TCP dial timeouts and errors. |
| `minio_inter_node_traffic_errors_total`   | Total number of failed internode calls.                 |
| `minio_inter_node_traffic_received_bytes` | Total number of bytes received from other peer nodes.   |

   *
   * ### Duplex Transmission
   *
   * With regular HTTP calls the request always completes sending before the response may begin
   * receiving. With duplex the request and response may be interleaved! That is, request body bytes
   * may be sent after response headers or body bytes have been received.
   *
   * Though any call may be initiated as a duplex call, only web servers that are specially

	scanStateStarted
	scanStateSuccess
	scanStateError

	// Time in which the initiator of a scan must have reported back.
	metacacheMaxRunningAge = time.Minute

	// Max time between client calls before dropping an async cache listing.
	metacacheMaxClientWait = 3 * time.Minute

	// metacacheBlockSize is the number of file/directory entries to have in each block.
	metacacheBlockSize = 5000