}

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should align to 8-byte boundary")
        void testPaddingAlignment() {
            // Test various name lengths to ensure proper padding
            for (int nameLen = 1; nameLen <= 32; nameLen++) {
                byte[] name = new byte[nameLen];
                Arrays.fill(name, (byte) 'A');

            baos.write(new byte[8]);

            // SERVER_CHECKSUM data
            writeLittleEndianInt(baos, PacSignature.KERB_CHECKSUM_HMAC_MD5);
            baos.write(mockChecksum);

            // Padding to align
            while (baos.size() < 104) {
                baos.write(0);
            }

            // PRIVSVR_CHECKSUM data
            writeLittleEndianInt(baos, PacSignature.KERB_CHECKSUM_HMAC_MD5);

            int actual = (int) getPrivateField(req, "createDisposition");
            assertEquals(expected, actual, "createDisposition should match");
        }
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("CreateOptions default padding")
    void createOptionsAddedWhenLow() {
        // createOptions less than 0x0001 (i.e., 0) should be padded with 0x0040
        SmbComNTCreateAndX req = createRequest(0, 0);

            dos.writeInt(Integer.reverseBytes(PacConstants.PRIVSVR_CHECKSUM));
            dos.writeInt(Integer.reverseBytes(16));
            dos.writeLong(Long.reverseBytes(300));

            // Add some padding
            for (int i = 0; i < 300; i++) {
                dos.writeByte(0);
            }

            return baos.toByteArray();
        } catch (IOException e) {

        byte[] buffer = new byte[testString.length() * 2 + 2 + 1]; // +1 for alignment
        int len = smb.writeString(testString, buffer, 1);
        // When dstIndex=1 and headerStart=1, (1-1)%2=0, no alignment padding needed
        // Length is string bytes (15*2) + 2 null terminators = 32
        assertEquals(testString.length() * 2 + 2, len);
        String readString = smb.readString(buffer, 1);

// Reader.Next advances to the next file in the archive (including the first),
// and then Reader can be treated as an io.Reader to access the file's data.
type Reader struct {
	r    io.Reader
	pad  int64      // Amount of padding (ignored) after current file entry
	curr fileReader // Reader for current file entry
	blk  block      // Buffer to use as temporary local storage

	// err is a persistent error.

        void shouldDecodeBufferWithOffset() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
            // Given - buffer with padding before actual data
            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(34);
            buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
            buffer.position(10); // Add 10 bytes of padding
            buffer.putLong(2048L);
            buffer.putLong(1024L);
            buffer.putInt(4);

            SMBUtil.writeInt4(remaining, buffer, 8); // Remaining
            SMBUtil.writeInt2(0, buffer, 12); // WriteChannelInfoOffset
            SMBUtil.writeInt2(0, buffer, 14); // WriteChannelInfoLength
            // Padding bytes (4 bytes) at offset 16-19
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Integration Tests")
    class IntegrationTests {

        @Test

        return buf;
    }

    /**
     * Aligns the buffer index to the specified boundary with a fill value.
     *
     * @param boundary the alignment boundary
     * @param value the fill value for padding
     * @return the number of bytes added for alignment
     */
    public int align(final int boundary, final byte value) {
        final int n = align(boundary);
        int i = n;
        while (i > 0) {

    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 })
    @DisplayName("Test verify method with different extra padding values")
    void testVerifyWithDifferentExtraPadding(int extraPad) {
        // Arrange
        int offset = 0;
        int length = testData.length;