name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,
    item: Annotated[
        Item,
        Body(
            examples=[
                {

    return "fakehashed" + password


oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: str | None = None
    full_name: str | None = None
    disabled: bool | None = None


class UserInDB(User):
    hashed_password: str


def get_user(db, username: str):
    if username in db:
        user_dict = db[username]

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

////

Тепер ми загорнемо її у `Annotated`, і отримаємо:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python
q: Annotated[str | None] = None
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python
q: Annotated[Union[str, None]] = None
```

////

# Without aliases


@app.get("/optional-str")
async def read_optional_str(p: Annotated[Optional[str], Header()] = None):
    return {"p": p}


class HeaderModelOptionalStr(BaseModel):
    p: Optional[str] = None


@app.get("/model-optional-str")
async def read_model_optional_str(p: Annotated[HeaderModelOptionalStr, Header()]):
    return {"p": p.p}

class Session:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.data = ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
        self.open = True

    def __iter__(self) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
        for item in self.data:
            if self.open:
                yield item
            else:
                raise ValueError("Session closed")


@contextmanager
def acquire_session() -> Generator[Session, None, None]:
    session = Session()
    try:

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str | None = None
    description: str | None = None
    price: float | None = None
    tax: float = 10.5
    tags: list[str] = []


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},
    "baz": {"name": "Baz", "description": None, "price": 50.2, "tax": 10.5, "tags": []},
}

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None
    tags: set[str] = set()


@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item, summary="Create an item")
async def create_item(item: Item):
    """
    Create an item with all the information:

    - **name**: each item must have a name

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: set[str] = set()


@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item, summary="Create an item")
async def create_item(item: Item):
    """
    Create an item with all the information:

    status_code, body = _bench_post_json(
        benchmark,
        client,
        "/sync/validated",
        json={"name": "foo", "value": 123},
    )
    assert status_code == 200
    assert body == b'{"name":"foo","value":123,"dep":42}'


def test_sync_return_dict_without_response_model(benchmark, client: TestClient) -> None: