import org.kohsuke.args4j.CmdLineException;
import org.kohsuke.args4j.CmdLineParser;
import org.kohsuke.args4j.Option;
import org.lastaflute.core.mail.Postbox;
import org.lastaflute.di.core.external.GenericExternalContext;
import org.lastaflute.di.core.external.GenericExternalContextComponentDefRegister;
import org.lastaflute.di.core.factory.SingletonLaContainerFactory;
import org.opensearch.monitor.jvm.JvmInfo;
import org.opensearch.monitor.os.OsProbe;

```Python
from app.routers import items, users
```

Um mehr über Python-Packages und -Module zu erfahren, lesen Sie <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">die offizielle Python-Dokumentation über Module</a>.

///

### Namenskollisionen vermeiden { #avoid-name-collisions }

```Python
from app.routers import items, users
```

Узнать больше о пакетах и модулях в Python вы можете из <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">официальной документации Python о модулях</a>

///

### Избегайте конфликтов имен { #avoid-name-collisions }

    assert response.json() == snapshot(
        {
            "detail": [
                {
                    "type": "extra_forbidden",
                    "loc": ["header", "tool"],
                    "msg": "Extra inputs are not permitted",
                    "input": "plumbus",
                }
            ]
        }
    )


def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")

If you have a different use case that needs to exit early from a dependency with `yield`, please create a <a href="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/discussions/new?category=questions" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub Discussion Question</a> with your specific use case and why you would benefit from having early closing for dependencies with `yield`.

* 数据转换
* 数据校验
* 自动生成文档

## 特殊的类型和校验

除了普通的单一值类型（如 `str`、`int`、`float` 等）外，你还可以使用从 `str` 继承的更复杂的单一值类型。

要了解所有的可用选项，请查看关于 <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/" class="external-link" target="_blank">来自 Pydantic 的外部类型</a> 的文档。你将在下一章节中看到一些示例。

例如，在 `Image` 模型中我们有一个 `url` 字段，我们可以把它声明为 Pydantic 的 `HttpUrl`，而不是 `str`：

{* ../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py310.py hl[2,8] *}

            <![CDATA[
            A repository id or an expression matching one or many repository ids to mirror, e.g.,
            <code>central</code> or <code>*,!repo1</code>.
            <code>*</code>, <code>external:*</code> and <code>external:http:*</code> (since Maven 3.8.0) have
            a special meaning: see <a href="/guides/mini/guide-mirror-settings.html">Mirror Settings</a> guide.
            ]]>
          </description>

 * java.util.function.Predicate} is expected, use the method reference {@code
 * guavaPredicate::apply}. For the other direction, use {@code javaUtilPredicate::test}. A future
 * version of this interface will be made to <i>extend</i> {@code java.util.function.Predicate}, so
 * that conversion will be necessary in only one direction. At that time, this interface will be
 * officially discouraged.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @since 2.0
 */

## Instale manipuladores de exceções customizados { #install-custom-exception-handlers }

Você pode adicionar manipuladores de exceção customizados com <a href="https://www.starlette.dev/exceptions/" class="external-link" target="_blank">a mesma seção de utilidade de exceções presentes no Starlette</a>.

Digamos que você tenha uma exceção customizada `UnicornException` que você (ou uma biblioteca que você use) precise lançar (`raise`).

## Instalar manejadores de excepciones personalizados { #install-custom-exception-handlers }

Puedes agregar manejadores de excepciones personalizados con <a href="https://www.starlette.dev/exceptions/" class="external-link" target="_blank">las mismas utilidades de excepciones de Starlette</a>.

Supongamos que tienes una excepción personalizada `UnicornException` que tú (o un paquete que usas) podrías lanzar.