private val ONLY_HTTP1 = listOf(Protocol.HTTP_1_1)

    /**
     * The maximum number of bytes to enqueue. Rather than enqueueing beyond this limit we tear down
     * the web socket! It's possible that we're writing faster than the peer can read.
     */
    private const val MAX_QUEUE_SIZE = 16L * 1024 * 1024 // 16 MiB.

    /**
     * The maximum amount of time after the client calls [close] to wait for a graceful shutdown. If

Those two tasks are what **consume time the most**. That's the main work of maintaining FastAPI.

If you can help me with that, **you are helping me maintain FastAPI** and making sure it keeps **advancing faster and better**. 🚀

## Join the chat

Join the 👥 <a href="https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf" class="external-link" target="_blank">Discord chat server</a> 👥 and hang out with others in the FastAPI community.

/// tip

  @Deprecated
  @Override
  public final ImmutableList<E> asList() {
    return this;
  }

  @Override
  int copyIntoArray(@Nullable Object[] dst, int offset) {
    // this loop is faster for RandomAccess instances, which ImmutableLists are
    int size = size();
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
      dst[offset + i] = get(i);
    }
    return offset + size;
  }

  /**

		if haveFastIndex {
			if j := bytealg.Index(s[i-last:], b[:n]); j >= 0 {
				return i + j - last
			}
		} else {
			// If bytealg.Index is not available a brute force search is
			// ~1.5-3x faster than Rabin-Karp since n is small.
			c0 := b[last]
			c1 := b[last-1] // There are at least 2 chars to match
		loop:
			for ; i < len(s); i++ {
				if s[i] == c0 && s[i-1] == c1 {
					for k := 2; k < n; k++ {

{% if sponsors %}
{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
{% endfor -%}
{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%}
<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}

<!-- /sponsors -->

* `Field(index=True)` tells SQLModel that it should create a **SQL index** for this column, that would allow faster lookups in the database when reading data filtered by this column.

    SQLModel will know that something declared as `str` will be a SQL column of type `TEXT` (or `VARCHAR`, depending on the database).

### Create an Engine

    prevInInsertionOrder = createFilledWithAbsent(expectedSize);
    nextInInsertionOrder = createFilledWithAbsent(expectedSize);
  }

  /** Returns an int array of the specified size, filled with ABSENT. */
  private static int[] createFilledWithAbsent(int size) {
    int[] array = new int[size];
    Arrays.fill(array, ABSENT);
    return array;
  }

 *  Fix: Don't crash loading the public suffix database in GraalVM native images. The function
    `HttpUrl.topPrivateDomain()` uses a resource file to identify private domains, but we didn't
    include this file on GraalVM.


## Version 5.0.0-alpha.4

_2022-02-01_

**This release introduces fast fallback to better support mixed IPv4+IPv6 networks.** Fast fallback

   *
   * @since 8.0
   */
  public static final byte ESC = 27;

  /**
   * File Separator: These four information separators may be used within data in optional fashion,
   * except that their hierarchical relationship shall be: FS is the most inclusive, then GS, then
   * RS, and US is least inclusive. (The content and length of a File, Group, Record, or Unit are
   * not specified.)
   *
   * @since 8.0
   */

    internal `DiskLruCache` assumes an inode-like file system, where it's fine to delete files that
    are currently being read or written. On Windows the file system forbids this so we must be more
    careful when deleting and renaming files.

 *  Fix: Don't crash on Java 8u252 which introduces an API previously found only on Java 9 and