*  wire format so that we can observe only the bytes written by a method.
     */
    private static byte[] newBuffer(int length) {
        // initialise with distinct pattern to detect unused trailing bytes
        byte[] buf = new byte[length];
        Arrays.fill(buf, (byte) 0xFF);
        return buf;
    }

    @Test

 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *

 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *

/// tip

`JSONResponse` itself is a sub-class of `Response`.

///

And when you return a `Response`, **FastAPI** will pass it directly.

It won't do any data conversion with Pydantic models, it won't convert the contents to any type, etc.

This gives you a lot of flexibility. You can return any data type, override any data declaration or validation, etc.

- With this new stable feature, Kubernetes supports the scaling of containerized applications with Azure VMSS, including the ability to integrate it with cluster-autoscaler to automatically adjust the size of the Kubernetes clusters based on the same conditions.

### SIG-cli

positioned outside the boundary.\n   *\n   * A scenario exists where the reference itself is not within the boundaries.<br />\n   * We can say it has \"escaped the boundaries\" — or just \"escaped\".<br />\n   * In this case we need to decide whether the popper should either:\n   *\n   * - detach from the reference and remain \"trapped\" in the boundaries, or\n   * - if it should ignore the boundary and \"escape with its reference\"\n   *\n   * When `escapeWithReference` is set to`true` and reference is completely\n...

# Body - Updates { #body-updates }

## Update replacing with `PUT` { #update-replacing-with-put }

To update an item you can use the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/PUT" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTP `PUT`</a> operation.

You can use the `jsonable_encoder` to convert the input data to data that can be stored as JSON (e.g. with a NoSQL database). For example, converting `datetime` to `str`.

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2025 CodeLibs Project and the Others.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
            // Expected - cannot create ByteArrayInputStream with null
        } catch (IOException e) {
            fail("Expected NullPointerException, not IOException");
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testMemoryCacheWithBinaryData() throws IOException {
        // Test with binary data containing all byte values
        byte[] data = new byte[256];

from your test's `tearDown()`.

### API

#### MockResponse

Mock responses default to an empty response body and a `200` status code.
You can set a custom body with a string, input stream or byte array. Also
add headers with a fluent builder API.

### Java
```java
MockResponse response = new MockResponse.Builder()
    .addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")