before = time.time()
            response: Response = await original_route_handler(request)
            duration = time.time() - before
            response.headers["X-Response-Time"] = str(duration)
            print(f"route duration: {duration}")
            print(f"route response: {response}")
            print(f"route response headers: {response.headers}")
            return response

* If the parameter is declared to be of the type of a **Pydantic model**, it will be interpreted as a request **body**.

/// note

FastAPI will know that the value of `q` is not required because of the default value `= None`.

            before = time.time()
            response: Response = await original_route_handler(request)
            duration = time.time() - before
            response.headers["X-Response-Time"] = str(duration)
            print(f"route duration: {duration}")
            print(f"route response: {response}")
            print(f"route response headers: {response.headers}")
            return response

/// note | 技术细节

也可以使用 `from starlette import status` 导入状态码。

**FastAPI** 的`fastapi.status` 和 `starlette.status` 一样，只是快捷方式。实际上，`fastapi.status` 直接继承自 Starlette。

///

## `tags` 参数

`tags` 参数的值是由 `str` 组成的 `list` （一般只有一个 `str` ），`tags` 用于为*路径操作*添加标签：

{* ../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002.py hl[17,22,27] *}

OpenAPI 概图会自动添加标签，供 API 文档接口使用：

<img src="/img/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/image01.png">

special permissions listed above. Follow [MinIO STS Quickstart Guide](https://docs.min.io/community/minio-object-store/developers/security-token-service.html) to manage users with an IDP.

## Explore Further

- [MinIO Client Complete Guide](https://docs.min.io/community/minio-object-store/reference/minio-mc.html)

        title=app.title + " - ReDoc",
        redoc_js_url="https://unpkg.com/redoc@2/bundles/redoc.standalone.js",
    )


@app.get("/users/{username}")
async def read_user(username: str):

        node[5] = uuid.node[5];
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a UUID from a string representation
     *
     * @param str the string representation of the UUID to parse
     */
    public UUID(final String str) {
        final char[] arr = str.toCharArray();
        time_low = hex_to_bin(arr, 0, 8);
        time_mid = S(hex_to_bin(arr, 9, 4));
        time_hi_and_version = S(hex_to_bin(arr, 14, 4));

    }

    static String unescape(String str) throws NumberFormatException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
        char ch;
        int i, j, state, len;
        char[] out;
        byte[] b = new byte[1];

        if (str == null) {
            return null;
        }

        len = str.length();
        out = new char[len];
        state = 0;

from typing import Optional, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: Optional[str] = None


class ExtendedItem(Item):
    age: int


@app.post("/items/")
def save_union_different_body(item: Union[ExtendedItem, Item]):
    return {"item": item}


client = TestClient(app)

from fastapi.exceptions import ResponseValidationError
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic.dataclasses import dataclass

app = FastAPI()


@dataclass
class Item:
    name: str
    price: Optional[float] = None
    owner_ids: Optional[list[int]] = None


@app.get("/items/invalid", response_model=Item)
def get_invalid():
    return {"name": "invalid", "price": "foo"}