bb.putShort((short) 300); // ttl
        bb.putShort((short) 0); // pathOffset (zero)
        bb.putShort((short) 0); // altPathOffset (zero)
        bb.putShort((short) 0); // nodeOffset (zero)

        // Decode
        int decodedSize = referral.decode(testBuffer, 0, testBuffer.length);

        // Verify all paths are null when offsets are zero
        assertEquals(34, decodedSize);
        assertNull(referral.getRpath());

            buf.writeOctetArray(contextHandle, 0, Math.min(contextHandle.length, 20));
            // Pad with zeros if context handle is shorter than 20 bytes
            for (int i = contextHandle.length; i < 20; i++) {
                buf.enc_ndr_small(0);
            }
        } else {
            // Write 20 zero bytes for null context handle
            for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                buf.enc_ndr_small(0);

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("initSecContext with null buffer and non-zero len throws NPE")
    void testInitSecContextNullBufferNonZeroLen() throws Exception {
        SpnegoContext ctx = newContext();
        // A null buffer with non-zero len leads to NPE while slicing input
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> ctx.initSecContext(null, 0, 1));

                    log.debug(Hexdump.toHexString(buffer, bufferIndex, len));
                }
                throw new RuntimeCIFSException("zero termination not found");
            }
        }
        return len;
    }

    /**
     * Decodes a string from OEM-encoded bytes.
     *
     * @param src the byte array containing the encoded string

        SMBUtil.writeInt2(0x0302, buffer, 4);

        // Negotiate context count (0 for non-3.1.1)
        SMBUtil.writeInt2(0, buffer, 6);

        // Server GUID (16 bytes of zeros)
        // Already initialized to zeros

        // Capabilities
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(Smb2Constants.SMB2_GLOBAL_CAP_DFS, buffer, 24);

        // Max sizes (reasonable values)

                "readRDataWireFormat should return 6 even if address is zero");

        NbtAddress[] addrEntry = (NbtAddress[]) addrEntryField.get(nameQueryResponse);
        assertNull(addrEntry[0], "NbtAddress should be null when address is zero");
    }

    @Test

        assertEquals(0, result);

        // Test with different parameters
        result = response.readSetupWireFormat(buffer, 10, 50);
        assertEquals(0, result);

        // Test with zero length
        result = response.readSetupWireFormat(buffer, 0, 0);
        assertEquals(0, result);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test readParametersWireFormat returns 0")

        assertEquals("Expected structureSize = 2", exception.getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test readBytesWireFormat with zero structure size throws exception")
    void testReadBytesWireFormatZeroStructureSize() {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int bufferIndex = 0;

        // Set structure size to 0 (invalid)

    }

    @Test
    void testTimeReadWriteZero() {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[8];
        ServerMessageBlock.writeTime(0, buffer, 0);
        // When zero is written, it stays as zero in buffer
        // When read back, it converts to negative Unix time due to Windows FileTime conversion
        long expectedTime = -SmbConstants.MILLISECONDS_BETWEEN_1970_AND_1601;

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle zero-length error data")
        void testZeroLengthErrorData() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[256];
            System.arraycopy(SMBUtil.SMB2_HEADER, 0, buffer, 0, 4);
            SMBUtil.writeInt4(0x80000001, buffer, 8); // error status

            // Error response with zero data
            int errorStart = 64;