{* ../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial001_py39.py hl[2,6] *}

## `TrustedHostMiddleware` { #trustedhostmiddleware }

Enforces that all incoming requests have a correctly set `Host` header, in order to guard against HTTP Host Header attacks.

{* ../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial002_py39.py hl[2,6:8] *}

The following arguments are supported:

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.generate_clients.tutorial003_py39 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_post_items():
    response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Foo", "price": 5})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"message": "Item received"}


def test_post_users():
    response = client.post(

{* ../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial003_py39.py hl[6,11] *}

Иначе путь для `/users/{user_id}` также будет соответствовать `/users/me`, "подразумевая", что он получает параметр `user_id` со значением `"me"`.

Аналогично, вы не можете переопределить операцию с путем:

{* ../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial003b_py39.py hl[6,11] *}

Первый будет выполняться всегда, так как путь совпадает первым.

And you want to handle this exception globally with FastAPI.

You could add a custom exception handler with `@app.exception_handler()`:

{* ../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial003_py39.py hl[5:7,13:18,24] *}

Here, if you request `/unicorns/yolo`, the *path operation* will `raise` a `UnicornException`.

But it will be handled by the `unicorn_exception_handler`.

{* ../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial003_py39.py hl[6] *}

## Descripción avanzada desde el docstring { #advanced-description-from-docstring }

Puedes limitar las líneas usadas del docstring de una *path operation function* para OpenAPI.

{* ../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial003_py39.py hl[6] *}

## Descrição avançada a partir de docstring { #advanced-description-from-docstring }

Você pode limitar as linhas utilizadas a partir de uma docstring de uma *função de operação de rota* para o OpenAPI.

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial003_py39.py hl[1] *}

Так как редактор кода знает типы переменных, вы получаете не только автозавершение, но и проверки ошибок:

<img src="/img/python-types/image04.png">

Теперь вы знаете, что нужно исправить — преобразовать `age` в строку с помощью `str(age)`:

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial004_py39.py hl[2] *}

## Объявление типов { #declaring-types }

import importlib

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial003_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial003_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.body.{request.param}")

    client = TestClient(mod.app)

{* ../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial001_py39.py hl[2,6] *}

## `TrustedHostMiddleware` { #trustedhostmiddleware }

Erzwingt, dass alle eingehenden Requests einen korrekt gesetzten `Host`-Header haben, um sich vor HTTP-Host-Header-Angriffen zu schützen.

{* ../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial002_py39.py hl[2,6:8] *}

Die folgenden Argumente werden unterstützt:

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.additional_responses.tutorial003_py39 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_path_operation():
    response = client.get("/items/foo")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"}


def test_path_operation_not_found():
    response = client.get("/items/bar")