},
}


@app.get(
    "/items/{item_id}/name",
    response_model=Item,
    response_model_include={"name", "description"},
)
async def read_item_name(item_id: str):
    return items[item_id]


@app.get("/items/{item_id}/public", response_model=Item, response_model_exclude={"tax"})
async def read_item_public_data(item_id: str):

    },
}


@app.get(
    "/items/{item_id}/name",
    response_model=Item,
    response_model_include={"name", "description"},
)
async def read_item_name(item_id: str):
    return items[item_id]


@app.get("/items/{item_id}/public", response_model=Item, response_model_exclude={"tax"})
async def read_item_public_data(item_id: str):

    response = client.post(
        "/items/",
        json={
            "name": "Foo",
            "description": "Item description",
            "price": 42.0,
            "tax": 3.2,
            "tags": ["bar", "baz"],
        },
    )
    assert response.status_code == 201, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "name": "Foo",
        "description": "Item description",
        "price": 42.0,

from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: Optional[float] = None
    owner_ids: Optional[list[int]] = None


@app.get("/items/valid", response_model=Item)
def get_valid():
    return {"name": "valid", "price": 1.0}


@app.get("/items/coerce", response_model=Item)
def get_coerce():
    return {"name": "coerce", "price": "1.0"}

In this case, if you go to:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=1
```

or

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=True
```

or

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=true
```

or

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=on
```

or

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes
```

                                "title": "Query",
                                "uniqueItems": True,
                                "type": "array",
                                "items": {"type": "integer"},
                            },
                            "name": "query",
                            "in": "query",
                        }
                    ],

    return id


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(
    id: Annotated[Union[str, None], AfterValidator(check_valid_id)] = None,
):
    if id:
        item = data.get(id)
    else:
        id, item = random.choice(list(data.items()))

from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item) -> Item:
    return item


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items() -> list[Item]:
    return [
        Item(name="Portal Gun", price=42.0),

        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/items/{item_id}": {
                "get": {
                    "responses": {
                        "404": {"description": "Item not found"},
                        "302": {"description": "The item was moved"},
                        "403": {"description": "Not enough privileges"},
                        "200": {

    response = client.post(
        "/items/", json={"name": "Foo", "price": price, "description": "Some Foo"}
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "name": "Foo",
        "price": 50.5,
        "description": "Some Foo",
        "tax": None,
    }


def test_post_with_no_data(client: TestClient):
    response = client.post("/items/", json={})