더 자세한 내용은 <a href="https://pyjwt.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">PyJWT 설치</a> 에서 확인할 수 있습니다.

///

## 패스워드 해싱

"해싱(Hashing)"은 어떤 내용(여기서는 패스워드)을 해석할 수 없는 일련의 바이트 집합(단순 문자열)으로 변환하는 것을 의미합니다.

동일한 내용(똑같은 패스워드)을 해싱하면 동일한 문자열을 얻습니다.

하지만 그 문자열을 다시 패스워드로 되돌릴 수는 없습니다.

### 패스워드를 해싱하는 이유

데이터베이스를 탈취당하더라도, 침입자는 사용자의 평문 패스워드 대신 해시 값만 얻을 수 있습니다.

  @Override
  public int bits() {
    return 32;
  }

  @Override
  public Hasher newHasher() {
    return new Crc32cHasher();
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "Hashing.crc32c()";
  }

  static final class Crc32cHasher extends AbstractStreamingHasher {

    /*
     * The striding algorithm works roughly as follows: it is universally the case that

Para OAuth2 son solo strings.

///

## Vista global { #global-view }

Primero, echemos un vistazo rápido a las partes que cambian desde los ejemplos en el **Tutorial - User Guide** principal para [OAuth2 con Password (y hashing), Bearer con tokens JWT](../../tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. Ahora usando scopes de OAuth2:

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py hl[5,9,13,47,65,106,108:116,122:126,130:136,141,157] *}

   *
   * As of 2010/06/11, this method is identical to the (package private) hash method in OpenJDK 7's
   * java.util.HashMap class.
   */
  // Copied from java/com/google/common/collect/Hashing.java
  private static int smear(int hashCode) {
    hashCode ^= (hashCode >>> 20) ^ (hashCode >>> 12);
    return hashCode ^ (hashCode >>> 7) ^ (hashCode >>> 4);
  }

            <option value="$PROJECT_DIR$/platforms/core-execution/file-watching" />
            <option value="$PROJECT_DIR$/platforms/core-execution/hashing" />
            <option value="$PROJECT_DIR$/platforms/core-execution/persistent-cache" />
            <option value="$PROJECT_DIR$/platforms/core-execution/request-handler-worker" />

     * {@code " x "} (space, letter x, space), followed by the count.
     */
    @Override
    String toString();
  }

  // Comparison and hashing

  /**
   * Compares the specified object with this multiset for equality. Returns {@code true} if the
   * given object is also a multiset and contains equal elements with equal counts, regardless of
   * order.

import static com.google.common.collect.CollectPreconditions.checkRemove;
import static com.google.common.collect.CompactHashing.UNSET;
import static com.google.common.collect.Hashing.smearedHash;
import static java.lang.Math.max;
import static java.lang.Math.min;
import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;

   */
  default void forEachEntry(ObjIntConsumer<? super E> action) {
    checkNotNull(action);
    entrySet().forEach(entry -> action.accept(entry.getElement(), entry.getCount()));
  }

  // Comparison and hashing

  /**
   * Compares the specified object with this multiset for equality. Returns {@code true} if the
   * given object is also a multiset and contains equal elements with equal counts, regardless of
   * order.

import static com.google.common.collect.CollectPreconditions.checkRemove;
import static com.google.common.collect.CompactHashing.UNSET;
import static com.google.common.collect.Hashing.smearedHash;
import static com.google.common.collect.NullnessCasts.uncheckedCastNullableTToT;
import static com.google.common.collect.NullnessCasts.unsafeNull;
import static java.lang.Math.max;
import static java.lang.Math.min;

([#45003](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/45003), [@krmayankk](https://github.com/krmayankk))

* Deployments are updated to use (1) a more stable hashing algorithm (fnv) than the previous one (adler) and (2) a hashing collision avoidance mechanism that will ensure new rollouts will not block on hashing collisions anymore. ([#44774](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/44774), [@kargakis](https://github.com/kargakis))([kubernetes/features#287](https://github.com/...