*
   * ### Duplex Transmission
   *
   * With regular HTTP calls the request always completes sending before the response may begin
   * receiving. With duplex the request and response may be interleaved! That is, request body bytes
   * may be sent after response headers or body bytes have been received.
   *
   * Though any call may be initiated as a duplex call, only web servers that are specially

import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Common superclass for {@link MultisetSetCountUnconditionallyTester} and {@link
 * MultisetSetCountConditionallyTester}. It is used by those testers to test calls to the
 * unconditional {@code setCount()} method and calls to the conditional {@code setCount()} method
 * when the expected present count is correct.
 *
 * @author Chris Povirk
 */
@GwtCompatible

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001_py39.py hl[2,12,15:18] *}

/// tip

Notice that the testing functions are normal `def`, not `async def`.

And the calls to the client are also normal calls, not using `await`.

This allows you to use `pytest` directly without complications.

///

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`.

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A {@link BlockingDeque} which forwards all its method calls to another {@code BlockingDeque}.
 * Subclasses should override one or more methods to modify the behavior of the backing deque as
 * desired per the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decorator_pattern">decorator pattern</a>.
 *

    // unless it's actually going to be used; validate() is called for all set method calls, so it
    // needs to be fast.
    // (We could instead generate the message once, when the set is created, but zero is better.)
    if (!validator.get()) {
      throw new IllegalStateException(errorMessage.get());
    }
  }

    // TODO: test whether null is supported (create a Feature)
    /**
     * The elements to be returned by future calls to {@code next()}, with the first at the top of
     * the stack.
     */
    final Stack<E> nextElements = new Stack<>();

    /**
     * The elements to be returned by future calls to {@code previous()}, with the first at the top
     * of the stack.
     */

 *
 * ```java
 * Call call = client.newCall(request);
 * call.enqueue(new Callback() {
 *   public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
 *     try (ResponseBody responseBody = response.body()) {
 *     ... // Use the response.
 *     }
 *   }
 *
 *   public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
 *   ... // Handle the failure.
 *   }
 * });
 * ```
 *

        }, "remove() should not throw any exception");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("EmptyIterator should behave consistently across multiple calls")
    void testConsistentBehavior() {
        // When & Then - test multiple sequential calls
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            assertFalse(emptyIterator.hasNext(), "hasNext should consistently return false");

          Reflection.newProxy(Map.class, new CheckSetUpInvocationHandler(map, setUpRan));
      return proxy;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Intercepts calls to a {@code Map} to check that {@code setUpRan} is true when they happen. Then
   * forwards the calls to the underlying {@code Map}.
   */
  private static class CheckSetUpInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler, Serializable {
    private final Map<String, String> map;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Tester to ensure forwarding wrapper works by delegating calls to the corresponding method with
 * the same parameters forwarded and return value forwarded back or exception propagated as is.
 *
 * <p>For example:
 *
 * {@snippet :