val headers =
      Headers
        .Builder()
        .add("WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm=\"protected area\", charset=\"US-ASCII\"")
        .build()
    val expectedAuthParams = mutableMapOf<String?, String>()
    expectedAuthParams["realm"] = "protected area"
    expectedAuthParams["charset"] = "US-ASCII"
    assertThat(headers.parseChallenges("WWW-Authenticate"))
      .isEqualTo(listOf(Challenge("Basic", expectedAuthParams)))
  }

`secrets.compare_digest()` benötigt `bytes` oder einen `str`, welcher nur ASCII-Zeichen (solche der englischen Sprache) enthalten darf, das bedeutet, dass es nicht mit Zeichen wie `á`, wie in `Sebastián`, funktionieren würde.

 *  Fix: Don't crash when URLs have IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses.
 *  Fix: Don't crash when building `HandshakeCertificates` on Android API 28.
 *  Fix: Permit multipart file names to contain non-ASCII characters.
 *  New: API to get MockWebServer's dispatcher.
 *  New: API to access headers as `java.time.Instant`.
 *  New: Fail fast if a `SSLSocketFactory` is used as a `SocketFactory`.

 * @author Kurt Alfred Kluever
 */
@NullUnmarked
final class HashTestUtils {
  private HashTestUtils() {}

  /** Converts a string, which should contain only ascii-representable characters, to a byte[]. */
  static byte[] ascii(String string) {
    byte[] bytes = new byte[string.length()];
    for (int i = 0; i < string.length(); i++) {
      bytes[i] = (byte) string.charAt(i);
    }
    return bytes;
  }

    `HTTP/1.0` on connections after seeing a response with `HTTP/1.0`. The fixed
    behavior is consistent with Firefox and Chrome.
 *  Fix: Allow a body in `OPTIONS` requests.
 *  Fix: Don't percent-encode non-ASCII characters in URL fragments.
 *  Fix: Handle null fragments.
 *  Fix: Don’t crash on interceptors that throw `IOException` before a
    connection is attempted.
 *  New: Support [WebDAV][webdav] HTTP methods.

  static final String I18N =
      "\u00CE\u00F1\u0163\u00E9\u0072\u00F1\u00E5\u0163\u00EE\u00F6"
          + "\u00F1\u00E5\u013C\u00EE\u017E\u00E5\u0163\u00EE\u00F6\u00F1";

  static final String ASCII =
      " !\"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
          + "[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~";

  private File testDir;
  private File tempDir;

    private final int c;
    // The number of finalization rounds.
    private final int d;

    // Four 64-bit words of internal state.
    // The initial state corresponds to the ASCII string "somepseudorandomlygeneratedbytes",
    // big-endian encoded. There is nothing special about this value; the only requirement
    // was some asymmetry so that the initial v0 and v1 differ from v2 and v3.

O `secrets.compare_digest()` necessita receber `bytes` ou `str` que possuem apenas caracteres ASCII (os em inglês). Isso significa que não funcionaria com caracteres como o `á`, como em `Sebastián`.

Para lidar com isso, primeiramente nós convertemos o `username` e o `password` para `bytes`, codificando-os com UTF-8.

   *
   * @param safeChars a non-null string specifying additional safe characters for this escaper (the
   *     ranges 0..9, a..z and A..Z are always safe and should not be specified here)
   * @param plusForSpace true if ASCII space should be escaped to {@code +} rather than {@code %20}
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any of the parameters were invalid
   */
  public PercentEscaper(String safeChars, boolean plusForSpace) {

 * escaped in a general way.
 *
 * <p>A good example of usage of this class is for Java source code escaping where the replacement
 * array contains information about special ASCII characters such as {@code \\t} and {@code \\n}
 * while {@link #escapeUnsafe} is overridden to handle general escaping of the form {@code \\uxxxx}.
 *