}
      ImmutableSet<Object> valueSet = valuesBuilder.build();
      if (valueSet.size() != valueCount) {
        throw new InvalidObjectException("Duplicate key-value pairs exist for key " + key);
      }
      builder.put(key, valueSet);
      tmpSize += valueCount;
    }

    ImmutableMap<Object, ImmutableSet<Object>> tmpMap;
    try {
      tmpMap = builder.buildOrThrow();

   * byte array {@code {0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x33}} would yield the {@code int} value {@code
   * 0x12131415}.
   *
   * <p>Arguably, it's preferable to use {@link java.nio.ByteBuffer}; that library exposes much more
   * flexibility at little cost in readability.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code bytes} has fewer than 4 elements
   */
  public static int fromByteArray(byte[] bytes) {

  /**
   * Creates a {@code CompactHashMap} instance, with a high enough "initial capacity" that it
   * <i>should</i> hold {@code expectedSize} elements without growth.
   *
   * @param expectedSize the number of elements you expect to add to the returned set
   * @return a new, empty {@code CompactHashMap} with enough capacity to hold {@code expectedSize}
   *     elements without resizing

# (1)
FROM python:3.9 as requirements-stage

# (2)
WORKDIR /tmp

# (3)
RUN pip install poetry

# (4)
COPY ./pyproject.toml ./poetry.lock* /tmp/

# (5)
RUN poetry export -f requirements.txt --output requirements.txt --without-hashes

# (6)
FROM python:3.9

# (7)
WORKDIR /code

# (8)
COPY --from=requirements-stage /tmp/requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt

次の章では、FastAPIアプリケーションをデプロイするための**具体的なレシピ**を紹介します。

しかし、今はこれらの重要な**コンセプトに基づくアイデア**を確認しましょう。これらのコンセプトは、他のどのタイプのWeb APIにも当てはまります。💡

## セキュリティ - HTTPS

<!-- NOTE: https.md written in Japanese does not exist, so it redirects to English one  -->
[前チャプターのHTTPSについて](https.md){.internal-link target=_blank}では、HTTPSがどのようにAPIを暗号化するのかについて学びました。

通常、アプリケーションサーバにとって**外部の**コンポーネントである**TLS Termination Proxy**によって提供されることが一般的です。このプロキシは通信の暗号化を担当します。

			expectedPreSignValues: preSignValues{},
			expectedErrCode:       ErrInvalidQueryParams,
		},
		// Test case - 2.
		// Test case with invalid  "X-Amz-Algorithm" query value.
		// The other query params should exist, other wise ErrInvalidQueryParams will be returned because of missing fields.
		{
			inputQueryKeyVals: []string{
				"X-Amz-Algorithm", "InvalidValue",
				"X-Amz-Credential", "",
				"X-Amz-Signature", "",

		if isErrBucketNotFound(err) {
			return batchExpireJobError{
				Code:           "NoSuchSourceBucket",
				Description:    "The specified source bucket does not exist",
				HTTPStatusCode: http.StatusNotFound,
			}
		}
		return err
	}

	if len(r.Rules) > maxBatchRules {
		return batchExpireJobError{
			Code:           "InvalidArgument",

	buf, err := p.MarshalMsg(data)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Saves on all pools to make sure decommissioning of first pool is allowed.
	for i, eset := range pools {
		if err = saveConfig(ctx, eset, poolMetaName, buf); err != nil {
			if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
				storageLogIf(ctx, fmt.Errorf("saving pool.bin for pool index %d failed with: %v", i, err))
			}
			return err
		}

 *
 * @author Anthony Zana
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class UninterruptiblesTest extends TestCase {
  private static final String EXPECTED_TAKE = "expectedTake";

  /** Timeout to use when we don't expect the timeout to expire. */
  private static final long LONG_DELAY_MS = 2500;

  private static final long SLEEP_SLACK = 2;

  private final TearDownStack tearDownStack = new TearDownStack();

**FastAPI** is helemaal gebaseerd op deze type hints, ze geven veel voordelen.

Maar zelfs als je **FastAPI** nooit gebruikt, heb je er baat bij om er iets over te leren.

/// note

Als je een Python expert bent en alles al weet over type hints, sla dan dit hoofdstuk over.

///

## Motivatie

Laten we beginnen met een eenvoudig voorbeeld:

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001.py *}