throw new IllegalArgumentException(
              "Cannot insert range " + range + " into an empty subRangeMap");
        }

        @Override
        public void putCoalescing(Range<Comparable<?>> range, Object value) {
          checkNotNull(range);
          throw new IllegalArgumentException(
              "Cannot insert range " + range + " into an empty subRangeMap");
        }

        @Override

          all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created,
          and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The
          Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or
          authority to forbid You from making technical modifications
          necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including
          technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective

import static java.math.RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN;
import static java.math.RoundingMode.HALF_UP;
import static java.math.RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY;
import static java.math.RoundingMode.UP;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.MathContext;
import java.math.RoundingMode;

例：`pip install httpx`.

///

导入 `TestClient`.

通过传入你的**FastAPI**应用创建一个 `TestClient` 。

创建名字以 `test_` 开头的函数（这是标准的 `pytest` 约定）。

像使用 `httpx` 那样使用 `TestClient` 对象。

为你需要检查的地方用标准的Python表达式写个简单的 `assert` 语句（重申，标准的`pytest`）。

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py hl[2,12,15:18] *}

/// tip | 提示

注意测试函数是普通的 `def`，不是 `async def`。

还有client的调用也是普通的调用，不是用 `await`。

这让你可以直接使用 `pytest` 而不会遇到麻烦。

import static java.lang.System.arraycopy;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static java.util.Collections.frequency;
import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
import static junit.framework.Assert.fail;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import java.util.ArrayList;

        // Avoid real JAAS by stubbing getSubject
        doReturn(new Subject()).when(auth).getSubject();

        // Act
        CredentialsInternal result = auth.renew();

        // Assert interaction and return value
        assertSame(auth, result);
        verify(auth, times(1)).getSubject();
    }

		JobInfo: Job{
			Title:    "programmer",
			Number:   9920,
			Location: "Shadyside",
			IsIntern: false,
		},
		CustomSerializerString: "world",
	}

	// first time insert record
	out := SerializerStruct{}
	if err := DB.Assign(data).FirstOrCreate(&out).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to FirstOrCreate Assigned data, got error %v", err)
	}

	var result SerializerStruct

        sb.append(dm).append(userSessionId);
        sb.append(dm).append(virtualHost);
        if (sb.length() > dm.length()) {
            sb.delete(0, dm.length());
        }
        sb.insert(0, "{").append("}");
        return sb.toString();
    }

    // ===================================================================================

Create functions with a name that starts with `test_` (this is standard `pytest` conventions).

Use the `TestClient` object the same way as you do with `httpx`.

Write simple `assert` statements with the standard Python expressions that you need to check (again, standard `pytest`).

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001_py39.py hl[2,12,15:18] *}

/// tip

Створюйте функції з іменами, що починаються з `test_` (це стандартна угода для `pytest`).

Використовуйте об'єкт `TestClient` так само як і `httpx`.

Записуйте прості `assert`-вирази зі стандартними виразами Python, які потрібно перевірити (це також стандарт для `pytest`).

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py hl[2,12,15:18] *}


/// tip | Порада