}

    /**
     * When given a buffer with sufficient length, decode performs
     * the inverse of encode.
     */
    @Test
    void decodeFromEncodedBuffer() throws NdrException {
        NdrShort ns = new NdrShort(123); // masked value 123 (already fits in 8 bits)
        buf.reset();
        ns.encode(buf);

        // Reset buffer to start for decoding
        buf.reset();

            byte[] largeBuffer = new byte[1000];

            // Act
            int smallEncodedSize = context.encode(smallBuffer, 0);
            int largeEncodedSize = context.encode(largeBuffer, 500);

            // Assert
            // encode() returns actual bytes written (6), not size() value (8)
            assertEquals(6, smallEncodedSize); // actual: 2 bytes count + 2*2 bytes for ciphers

    }

    @ParameterizedTest(name = "decode({1}) -> {2}")
    @MethodSource("decodeProvider")
    void testDecode(String encoded, byte[] expected) {
        // Act
        byte[] actual = Base64.decode(encoded);
        // Assert
        assertArrayEquals(expected, actual, "Base64.decode should return original bytes");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("encode should throw NPE on null input")
    void testEncodeNull() {

        firstInstance.decode(originalBuffer, 0, originalBuffer.length);

        // Encode from first instance
        byte[] encodedBuffer = new byte[8];
        firstInstance.encode(encodedBuffer, 0);

        // Decode into second instance
        FileInternalInfo secondInstance = new FileInternalInfo();
        secondInstance.decode(encodedBuffer, 0, encodedBuffer.length);

 * result extraction, header encoding/decoding, and the round-trip of an
 * encode/decode operation.
 */
public class DcerpcMessageTest {

    /**
     * A trivial concrete subclass used for testing. It simply writes a
     * single small value in {@code encode_in} and reads it in
     * {@code decode_out}.
     */
    private static class TestMessage extends DcerpcMessage {
        int decodedValue = 0;

        // Decode into first instance
        FileStandardInfo firstInstance = new FileStandardInfo();
        firstInstance.decode(originalBuffer, 0, originalBuffer.length);

        // Encode from first instance
        byte[] encodedBuffer = new byte[22];
        firstInstance.encode(encodedBuffer, 0);

        // Decode into second instance

            EncryptionNegotiateContext decodedContext = new EncryptionNegotiateContext();
            int decoded = decodedContext.decode(buffer, 0, encoded);

            assertEquals(encoded, decoded);
            assertArrayEquals(originalCiphers, decodedContext.getCiphers());
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should encode and decode correctly with null ciphers")

        super();
        setLeaseKey(key);
        setLeaseState(leaseState);
        this.cacheScope = scope;
        this.maxCacheAge = 30000;  // 30 seconds default
        this.notificationEnabled = true;
    }
    
    @Override
    public void encode(byte[] buffer, int offset) {
        super.encode(buffer, offset);
        

/**
 * Unit tests for {@link NdrHyper}.
 * <p>
 * The class only contains an encode/decode pair that delegates to
 * {@link NdrBuffer#enc_ndr_hyper(long)} and {@link NdrBuffer#dec_ndr_hyper()}.
 * The tests verify that:
 * <ul>
 *   <li>encoding and decoding round‑trip correctly handle typical, zero,
 *       and extreme {@code long} values.</li>
 *   <li>encode/decode methods interact correctly with a mocked

        // Decode to new instance (decode reads 36 bytes, encode writes 40)
        FileBasicInfo decoded = new FileBasicInfo();
        int decodedBytes = decoded.decode(buffer, 0, 36);

        // Verify encoding/decoding
        assertEquals(40, encodedBytes); // encode writes 40 bytes (includes padding)
        assertEquals(36, decodedBytes); // decode reads 36 bytes (no padding)