// getLastWriteTime returns lastWriteTime (from readUTime) + serverTimeZoneOffset
        // readUTime multiplies the seconds value by 1000, and writeUTime divides milliseconds by 1000
        // So the round-trip should preserve the milliseconds value
        assertEquals(sampleTimeMillis + serverTimeZoneOffset, response.getLastWriteTime());
        assertEquals(1024, response.getSize());
    }

    /**

        // NdrShort masks to 0xFF (8 bits) in its constructor
        int expected = input & 0xFF;
        assertEquals(expected, ns.value, "value should be masked to 0xFF before storing");
    }

    /**
     * Round-trip encode/decode for a selection of representative values.
     */
    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 42, 255, -1, 128 })
    void encodeDecodeRoundTrip(int original) throws Exception {

         * in such a way that there can be a slash at the end of the path. This
         * causes problems matching keys in resolve() where an extra slash causes
         * a mismatch. This strips trailing slashes from all keys to eliminate
         * this problem.
         */
        int ki = key.length();
        while (ki > 1 && key.charAt(ki - 1) == '\\') {
            ki--;
        }

            // Test with concrete implementation - requires server to be set
            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> concreteImplementation.fixupDomain(domain));
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should strip path consumed")
        void testStripPathConsumed() {
            int consumedAmount = 5;

            // Test with mock
            doNothing().when(mockReferralData).stripPathConsumed(consumedAmount);

    ByteSource source = out.asByteSource();
    int chunk1 = min(dataSize, fileThreshold);
    int chunk2 = dataSize - chunk1;

    // Write just enough to not trip the threshold
    if (chunk1 > 0) {
      write(out, data, 0, chunk1, singleByte);
      assertTrue(ByteSource.wrap(data).slice(0, chunk1).contentEquals(source));
    }
    File file = out.getFile();

import jcifs.smb1.dcerpc.ndr.NdrBuffer;
import jcifs.smb1.dcerpc.ndr.NdrException;

/**
 * Unit tests for {@link DcerpcMessage}. The tests exercise flag handling,
 * result extraction, header encoding/decoding, and the round-trip of an
 * encode/decode operation.
 */
public class DcerpcMessageTest {

    /**
     * A trivial concrete subclass used for testing. It simply writes a
     * single small value in {@code encode_in} and reads it in

    // Start from the pre-computed maximum long factorial.
    int startingNumber = LongMath.factorials.length;
    long product = LongMath.factorials[startingNumber - 1];
    // Strip off 2s from this value.
    int shift = Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(product);
    product >>= shift;

    // Use floor(log2(num)) + 1 to prevent overflow of multiplication.

   * is guaranteed to be in the range {@code 0 <= cp <= Character#MAX_CODE_POINT}.
   *
   * <p>If an empty array is returned, this effectively strips the input character from the
   * resulting text.
   *
   * <p>If the character does not need to be escaped, this method should return {@code null}, rather

        byte[] buffer = new byte[0];
        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> cmd.readBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0));
    }

    /**
     * Test round‑trip encoding/decoding of ranges using the public
     * {@link LockingAndXRange} encode/decode methods.
     */
    @Test
    void lockRangeEncodeDecodeRoundTrip() throws Exception {

        assertEquals(0, SMBUtil.readInt2(encoded, 2), "EOL length should be 0");
    }

    /**
     * Test round-trip encoding and decoding
     */
    @Test
    @DisplayName("Round-trip encode and decode should preserve data")
    void testRoundTrip() throws CIFSException {
        List<AvPair> originalPairs = new LinkedList<>();