}

    /** Default buffer size. */
    private static final int BUF_SIZE = 4096;

    /**
     * Creates a {@link FileInputStream}.
     *
     * @param file the file (must not be {@literal null})
     * @return a {@link FileInputStream} to read from the file
     * @see FileInputStream#FileInputStream(File)
     */
    public static FileInputStream create(final File file) {

    }

    /**
     * Converts to {@literal int}.
     *
     * @param o
     *            The object to convert
     * @return The converted {@literal int}
     */
    public static int toPrimitiveInt(final Object o) {
        return toPrimitiveInt(o, null);
    }

    /**
     * Converts to {@literal int}.
     *
     * @param o
     *            The object to convert

import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * An object that converts literal text into a format safe for inclusion in a particular context
 * (such as an XML document). Typically (but not always), the inverse process of "unescaping" the
 * text is performed automatically by the relevant parser.
 *
 * <p>For example, an XML escaper would convert the literal string {@code "Foo<Bar>"} into {@code

import java.util.Iterator;

import org.codelibs.core.exception.ClUnsupportedOperationException;

/**
 * {@link Iterator} with index. The index starts from {@literal 0}.
 *
 * <p>
 * Usage example:
 * </p>
 *
 * <pre>
 * import static org.codelibs.core.collection.IndexedIterator.*;
 *
 * List&lt;String&gt; list = ...;

    }

    /**
     * Converts to {@literal double}.
     *
     * @param o
     *            The object to convert
     * @return The converted {@literal double}
     */
    public static double toPrimitiveDouble(final Object o) {
        return toPrimitiveDouble(o, null);
    }

    /**
     * Converts to {@literal double}.
     *
     * @param o
     *            The object to convert

     * @return the value as an object
     */
    Object getAsObject(String value);

    /**
     * Returns {@literal true} if this converter can handle the specified type.
     *
     * @param clazz
     *            the type. Must not be {@literal null}
     * @return {@literal true} if this converter can handle the specified type
     */
    boolean isTarget(Class<?> clazz);

    }

    /**
     * Converts to {@literal byte}.
     *
     * @param o
     *            The object to convert
     * @return The converted {@literal byte}
     */
    public static byte toPrimitiveByte(final Object o) {
        return toPrimitiveByte(o, null);
    }

    /**
     * Converts to {@literal byte}.
     *
     * @param o
     *            The object to convert

    }

    /**
     * Converts to {@literal short}.
     *
     * @param o
     *            The object to convert
     * @return The converted {@literal short}
     */
    public static short toPrimitiveShort(final Object o) {
        return toPrimitiveShort(o, null);
    }

    /**
     * Converts to {@literal short}.
     *
     * @param o
     *            The object to convert

from typing import Literal

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()


class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):

from typing import Literal

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()


class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}

    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")