// JVM shutdown will not be prevented from exiting after this service has stopped or failed.
    // Technically this listener is added after start() was called so it is a little gross, but it
    // is called within doStart() so we know that the service cannot terminate or fail concurrently
    // with adding this listener so it is impossible to miss an event that we are interested in.
    addListener(

 * number of concurrent accesses instead of the rate (note though that concurrency and rate are
 * closely related, e.g. see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%27s_law">Little's
 * Law</a>).
 *
 * <p>A {@code RateLimiter} is defined primarily by the rate at which permits are issued. Absent
 * additional configuration, permits will be distributed at a fixed rate, defined in terms of

    if (expected.equals(in)) {
      assertSame(in, out);
    } else {
      assertEquals(expected, out);
    }
  }

  // Test collapse() a little differently than the rest, as we really want to
  // cover lots of different configurations of input text
  public void testCollapse() {
    // collapsing groups of '-' into '_' or '-'
    doTestCollapse("-", "_");

   * Returns the elements from this fluent iterable that are instances of class {@code type}.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.filter(type::isInstance).map(type::cast)}.
   * This does perform a little more work than necessary, so another option is to insert an
   * unchecked cast at some later point:
   *
   * <pre>
   * {@code @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // safe because of ::isInstance check

   * 0x12131415}.
   *
   * <p>Arguably, it's preferable to use {@link java.nio.ByteBuffer}; that library exposes much more
   * flexibility at little cost in readability.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code bytes} has fewer than 4 elements
   */
  public static int fromByteArray(byte[] bytes) {

   * input byte array {@code {0x54, 0x32}} would yield the {@code char} value {@code '\\u5432'}.
   *
   * <p>Arguably, it's preferable to use {@link java.nio.ByteBuffer}; that library exposes much more
   * flexibility at little cost in readability.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code bytes} has fewer than 2 elements
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // doesn't work
  public static char fromByteArray(byte[] bytes) {

**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀

## Requirements

FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:

   * {@code long} value {@code 0x1213141516171819L}.
   *
   * <p>Arguably, it's preferable to use {@link java.nio.ByteBuffer}; that library exposes much more
   * flexibility at little cost in readability.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code bytes} has fewer than 8 elements
   */
  public static long fromByteArray(byte[] bytes) {

   * {@code long} value {@code 0x1213141516171819L}.
   *
   * <p>Arguably, it's preferable to use {@link java.nio.ByteBuffer}; that library exposes much more
   * flexibility at little cost in readability.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code bytes} has fewer than 8 elements
   */
  public static long fromByteArray(byte[] bytes) {

a de-facto standard.  To achieve this, non-free programs must be
allowed to use the library.  A more frequent case is that a free
library does the same job as widely used non-free libraries.  In this
case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free
software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.

  In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free