* equals()} contract.
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> this method is now unnecessary and should be treated as deprecated; use {@link
   * java.util.Objects#equals} instead.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("InlineMeSuggester") // would introduce fully qualified references to Objects
  public static boolean equal(@Nullable Object a, @Nullable Object b) {
    return java.util.Objects.equals(a, b);
  }

  /**

    /*
     * In principle, a Multimap implementation could add e3 first before failing on the null. But
     * that seems unlikely enough to be worth complicating the test over, especially if there's any
     * chance that a permissive test could mask a bug.
     */
    expectUnchanged();
    // Be extra thorough in case internal state was corrupted by the expected null.

But you need `file_path` itself to contain a *path*, like `home/johndoe/myfile.txt`.

So, the URL for that file would be something like: `/files/home/johndoe/myfile.txt`.

### OpenAPI support { #openapi-support }

OpenAPI doesn't support a way to declare a *path parameter* to contain a *path* inside, as that could lead to scenarios that are difficult to test and define.

          // it is kind of lame that we need to construct a decoder to access this value.
          // if this is a concern we could add special cases for some known charsets (like utf8)
          // or we could avoid inputstreamreader and use the decoder api directly
          // TODO(lukes): in a real implementation we would need to handle overflow conditions
          int maxChars = (int) (size.get().intValue() * cs.newDecoder().maxCharsPerByte());

It's possible to upload several files at the same time.

They would be associated to the same "form field" sent using "form data".

To use that, declare a list of `bytes` or `UploadFile`:

{* ../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_an_py39.py hl[10,15] *}

You will receive, as declared, a `list` of `bytes` or `UploadFile`s.

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse`.

    assertThat(expected)
        .hasMessageThat()
        .isEqualTo("I bet you didn't think Thread.interrupt could throw");
    /*
     * We need to wait for the runner to exit. It used to be that the runner would get stuck in the
     * busy loop when interrupt threw.
     *
     * While we're at it, we confirm that the interrupt happened as expected.
     */

And then you can set headers in that *temporal* response object.

{* ../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial002_py39.py hl[1, 7:8] *}

And then you can return any object you need, as you normally would (a `dict`, a database model, etc).

And if you declared a `response_model`, it will still be used to filter and convert the object you returned.

Since FastAPI 0.119.0, there's also partial support for Pydantic v1 from inside of Pydantic v2, to facilitate the migration to v2.

So, you could upgrade Pydantic to the latest version 2, and change the imports to use the `pydantic.v1` submodule, and in many cases it would just work.

{* ../../docs_src/pydantic_v1_in_v2/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[2,5,15] *}

/// warning

That way, the sub-application will know to use that path prefix for the docs UI.

And the sub-application could also have its own mounted sub-applications and everything would work correctly, because FastAPI handles all these `root_path`s automatically.

    `Cache.urls()` would prevent in-flight entries from being written.


## Version 3.14.3

_2019-09-10_

 *  Fix: Don't lose HTTP/2 flow control bytes when incoming data races with a stream close. If this
    happened enough then eventually the connection would stall.