from unittest.mock import patch

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float


app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/default")
def get_default() -> Item:
    return Item(name="widget", price=9.99)


@app.get("/explicit", response_class=JSONResponse)

// Code generated by "stringer -type=STSErrorCode -trimprefix=Err sts-errors.go"; DO NOT EDIT.

package cmd

import "strconv"

func _() {
	// An "invalid array index" compiler error signifies that the constant values have changed.
	// Re-run the stringer command to generate them again.
	var x [1]struct{}
	_ = x[ErrSTSNone-0]
	_ = x[ErrSTSAccessDenied-1]
	_ = x[ErrSTSMissingParameter-2]
	_ = x[ErrSTSInvalidParameterValue-3]

from dirty_equals import IsPartialDict
from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI, Header, Query
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()


class Model(BaseModel):
    param: str = Field(alias="param_alias")


@app.get("/query")
async def query_model(data: Model = Query()):
    return {"param": data.param}


@app.get("/header")
async def header_model(data: Model = Header()):

You can use the `jsonable_encoder` to convert the input data to data that can be stored as JSON (e.g. with a NoSQL database). For example, converting `datetime` to `str`.

{* ../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py310.py hl[28:33] *}

`PUT` is used to receive data that should replace the existing data.

### Warning about replacing { #warning-about-replacing }

Você pode usar `jsonable_encoder` para converter os dados de entrada em dados que podem ser armazenados como JSON (por exemplo, com um banco de dados NoSQL). Por exemplo, convertendo `datetime` em `str`.

{* ../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py310.py hl[28:33] *}

`PUT` é usado para receber dados que devem substituir os dados existentes.

### Aviso sobre a substituição { #warning-about-replacing }

/// note | 技术细节

也可以使用 `from starlette import status` 导入状态码。

**FastAPI** 提供的 `fastapi.status` 与 `starlette.status` 相同，方便你作为开发者使用。实际上它直接来自 Starlette。

///

## 标签 { #tags }

可以通过传入由 `str` 组成的 `list`（通常只有一个 `str`）的参数 `tags`，为*路径操作*添加标签：

{* ../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002_py310.py hl[15,20,25] *}

OpenAPI 概图会自动添加标签，供 API 文档接口使用：

<img src="/img/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/image01.png">

Наприклад, якщо у вас є функція:

```Python
@lru_cache
def say_hi(name: str, salutation: str = "Ms."):
    return f"Hello {salutation} {name}"
```

ваша програма може виконуватись так:

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram

participant code as Code
participant function as say_hi()

For that, we update the Pydantic model `TokenData` with a new property `scopes`.

By validating the data with Pydantic we can make sure that we have, for example, exactly a `list` of `str` with the scopes and a `str` with the `username`.

Instead of, for example, a `dict`, or something else, as it could break the application at some point later, making it a security risk.

Ihr Responsemodell könnte Defaultwerte haben, wie:

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9,11:12] *}

* `description: Union[str, None] = None` (oder `str | None = None` in Python 3.10) hat einen Defaultwert `None`.
* `tax: float = 10.5` hat einen Defaultwert `10.5`.
* `tags: List[str] = []` hat eine leere Liste als Defaultwert: `[]`.

Aber Sie möchten diese vielleicht vom Resultat ausschließen, wenn Sie gar nicht gesetzt wurden.

        fmt = req.getParameter("fmt");
        if (fmt == null) {
            fmt = "col";
        }
        sort = 0;
        if ((str = req.getParameter("sort")) == null || str.equals("name")) {
            sort = 0;
        } else if (str != null) {
            switch (str) {
            case "size":
                sort = 1;
                break;
            case "type":
                sort = 2;