* value.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
  @LazyInit
  private int registrySuffixIndexCache = SUFFIX_NOT_INITIALIZED;

  /** Constructor used to implement {@link #from(String)}, and from subclasses. */
  InternetDomainName(String name) {
    // Normalize:
    // * ASCII characters to lowercase
    // * All dot-like characters to '.'
    // * Strip trailing '.'

		{Name: "subquery_raw_4", Age: 40},
	}
	DB.Create(&users)

	var count int64
	err := DB.Raw("select count(*) from (?) tmp where 1 = ? AND name IN (?)", DB.Raw("select name from users where age >= ? and name in (?)", 10, []string{"subquery_raw_1", "subquery_raw_2", "subquery_raw_3"}), 1, DB.Raw("select name from users where age >= ? and name in (?)", 20, []string{"subquery_raw_1", "subquery_raw_2", "subquery_raw_3"})).Scan(&count).Error

from typing import List

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float


class ResponseMessage(BaseModel):
    message: str


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: str


@app.post("/items/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["items"])
async def create_item(item: Item):

from dirty_equals import IsDict
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.custom_request_and_route.tutorial002 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_endpoint_works():
    response = client.post("/", json=[1, 2, 3])
    assert response.json() == 6


def test_exception_handler_body_access():
    response = client.post("/", json={"numbers": [1, 2, 3]})
    assert response.json() == IsDict(
        {

By default, **FastAPI** will return the responses using a `JSONResponse`, putting the content you return from your *path operation* inside of that `JSONResponse`.

It will use the default status code or the one you set in your *path operation*.

## Additional status codes

import pytest
from dirty_equals import IsDict
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py39


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    from docs_src.dependencies.tutorial004_an_py39 import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


@needs_py39
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path,expected_status,expected_response",
    [
        (
            "/items",

    requestedHosts.clear()
  }

  /** Allocates and returns `count` fake IPv4 addresses like [255.0.0.100, 255.0.0.101].  */
  fun allocate(count: Int): List<InetAddress> {
    val from = nextAddress
    nextAddress += count
    return (from until nextAddress)
      .map {
        return@map InetAddress.getByAddress(
          Buffer().writeInt(it.toInt()).readByteArray(),
        )
      }
  }

from dirty_equals import IsOneOf
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.behind_a_proxy.tutorial004 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_main():
    response = client.get("/app")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello World", "root_path": "/api/v1"}


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,
    item: Annotated[
        Item,
        Body(
            openapi_examples={

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from tests.utils import needs_pydanticv2


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    from docs_src.request_form_models.tutorial002 import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


@needs_pydanticv2
def test_post_body_form(client: TestClient):
    response = client.post("/login/", data={"username": "Foo", "password": "secret"})