from docs_src.query_params_str_validations.tutorial013_an import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_multi_query_values():
    url = "/items/?q=foo&q=bar"
    response = client.get(url)
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"q": ["foo", "bar"]}


def test_query_no_values():
    url = "/items/"
    response = client.get(url)
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

    return current_user


client = TestClient(app)


def test_security_api_key():
    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"key": "secret"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"username": "secret"}


def test_security_api_key_no_key():
    response = client.get("/users/me")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

    return {"message": "Hello Users!", "params": commons}


client = TestClient(app)


async def override_dependency(q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"q": q, "skip": 5, "limit": 10}


app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = override_dependency


def test_override_in_items():
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {

client = TestClient(app)


def test_security_http_bearer():
    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer foobar"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"scheme": "Bearer", "credentials": "foobar"}


def test_security_http_bearer_no_credentials():
    response = client.get("/users/me")

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.custom_response.tutorial001b import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_get_custom_response():
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == [{"item_id": "Foo"}]


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.custom_response.tutorial005 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_get():
    response = client.get("/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.text == "Hello World"


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {

def valid4():
    pass


client = TestClient(app)


def test_path_operations():
    response = client.get("/valid1")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    response = client.get("/valid2")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    response = client.get("/valid3")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    response = client.get("/valid4")

from dirty_equals import IsDict
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.dependencies.tutorial006_an import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_get_no_headers():
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
    assert response.json() == IsDict(
        {
            "detail": [
                {
                    "type": "missing",

from docs_src.generate_clients.tutorial003 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_post_items():
    response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Foo", "price": 5})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"message": "Item received"}


def test_post_users():
    response = client.post(
        "/users/", json={"username": "Foo", "email": "******@****.***"}

///

This will let **FastAPI** know that this parameter is required.

### Required, can be `None`

You can declare that a parameter can accept `None`, but that it's still required. This would force clients to send a value, even if the value is `None`.

To do that, you can declare that `None` is a valid type but still use `...` as the default:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="9"