assertTrue(options.model().get(), "--model option should be true");

        assertTrue(options.plugins().isPresent(), "--plugins option should be present");
        assertTrue(options.plugins().get(), "--plugins option should be true");
    }

    @Test
    void testNoPluginsOptionByDefault() throws ParseException {
        String[] args = {"apply"};

Например, модель выше описывает такой JSON "объект" (или Python `dict`):

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "description": "An optional description",
    "price": 45.2,
    "tax": 3.5
}
```

...так как `description` и `tax` являются необязательными (со значением по умолчанию `None`), такой JSON "объект" тоже будет корректным:

```JSON
{

Это не является ограничением **FastAPI**, это часть протокола HTTP.

///

## Необязательная загрузка файлов { #optional-file-upload }

Вы можете сделать загрузку файла необязательной, используя стандартные аннотации типов и установив значение по умолчанию `None`:

{* ../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an_py310.py hl[9,17] *}

 * existing key-value pair has no effect.
 *
 * <p>Null keys and values are permitted (provided, of course, that the respective comparators
 * support them). All optional multimap methods are supported, and all returned views are
 * modifiable.
 *
 * <p>This class is not threadsafe when any concurrent operations update the multimap. Concurrent

import org.dbflute.cbean.ConditionBean;
import org.dbflute.cbean.result.ListResultBean;
import org.dbflute.cbean.result.PagingResultBean;
import org.dbflute.exception.IllegalBehaviorStateException;
import org.dbflute.optional.OptionalEntity;
import org.dbflute.util.DfTypeUtil;
import org.opensearch.action.bulk.BulkRequestBuilder;
import org.opensearch.action.delete.DeleteRequestBuilder;
import org.opensearch.action.index.IndexRequestBuilder;

   * escaped.
   */
  private final boolean[] safeOctets;

  /**
   * Constructs a percent escaper with the specified safe characters and optional handling of the
   * space character.
   *
   * <p>Not that it is allowed, but not necessarily desirable to specify {@code %} as a safe

            Set<MavenProject> selectedProjects =
                    projectSelector.getActiveProjects(request, allSortedProjects, projectActivation.getActivations());

            // it can be empty when an optional project is missing from the reactor, fallback to returning all projects
            if (!selectedProjects.isEmpty()) {
                result = new ArrayList<>(selectedProjects);

<img src="/img/tutorial/response-model/image02.png">

## 응답 모델 인코딩 매개변수

응답 모델은 아래와 같이 기본값을 가질 수 있습니다:

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py hl[11,13:14] *}

* `description: Optional[str] = None`은 기본값으로 `None`을 갖습니다.
* `tax: float = 10.5`는 기본값으로 `10.5`를 갖습니다.
* `tags: List[str] = []` 빈 리스트의 기본값으로: `[]`.

그러나 실제로 저장되지 않았을 경우 결과에서 값을 생략하고 싶을 수 있습니다.

/// info

A "bearer" token is not the only option.

But it's the best one for our use case.

And it might be the best for most use cases, unless you are an OAuth2 expert and know exactly why there's another option that better suits your needs.

In that case, **FastAPI** also provides you with the tools to build it.

///

### Tech Stack

- **HTTP**: Apache HttpComponents 4.5+
- **Extraction**: Apache Tika 3.0+, POI 5.3+, PDFBox 3.0+
- **Testing**: JUnit 4, UTFlute, Mockito 5.7.0
- **Storage**: In-memory (default), OpenSearch (optional)

### Protocols

- **HTTP/HTTPS**: Full crawling, cookies, auth, robots.txt
- **File**: Local/network file systems
- **FTP**: With authentication
- **SMB/CIFS**: Windows shares (SMB1/SMB2+)