* bit(j) about half the time
   *
   * <p>Funneling is pretty simple to detect. The key idea is to find example keys which
   * unequivocally demonstrate that funneling cannot be occurring. This is done bit-by-bit. For each
   * input bit(i) and output bit(j), two pairs of keys must be found with all bits identical except

  }

  /**
   * Returns a resolver that resolves types "invariantly".
   *
   * <p>For example, when resolving {@code List<T>} in the context of {@code ArrayList<?>}, {@code
   * <T>} cannot be invariantly resolved to {@code <?>} because otherwise the parameter type of
   * {@code List::set} will be {@code <?>} and it'll falsely say any object can be passed into
   * {@code ArrayList<?>::set}.
   *

            final byte[] unicodeHash) {
        if (domain == null || username == null || ansiHash == null || unicodeHash == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("External credentials cannot be null");
        }
        this.domain = domain;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = null;
        this.challenge = challenge;
        this.ansiHash = ansiHash;

  b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is
     deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the
     minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision
     cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License
     without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and
     conditions.

  c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no

   *
   * <p>This method will detect any non-empty cycle, including self-loops (a cycle of length 1).
   */
  public static boolean hasCycle(Network<?, ?> network) {
    // In a directed graph, parallel edges cannot introduce a cycle in an acyclic graph.
    // However, in an undirected graph, any parallel edge induces a cycle in the graph.
    if (!network.isDirected()
        && network.allowsParallelEdges()

As an example, let's take this function:

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c.py hl[1,4] *}

The parameter `name` is defined as `Optional[str]`, but it is **not optional**, you cannot call the function without the parameter:

```Python
say_hi()  # Oh, no, this throws an error! 😱
```

   *
   * <p>This method will detect any non-empty cycle, including self-loops (a cycle of length 1).
   */
  public static boolean hasCycle(Network<?, ?> network) {
    // In a directed graph, parallel edges cannot introduce a cycle in an acyclic graph.
    // However, in an undirected graph, any parallel edge induces a cycle in the graph.
    if (!network.isDirected()
        && network.allowsParallelEdges()

   *
   * <p>NOTE: an IPv6 address coerced to an IPv4 address can only be used for such purposes as
   * rudimentary identification or indexing into a collection of real {@link InetAddress}es. They
   * cannot be used as real addresses for the purposes of network communication.
   *
   * @param ip {@link InetAddress} to convert
   * @return {@code int}, "coerced" if ip is not an IPv4 address
   * @since 7.0
   */

   * already-validated InternetDomainName, as in {@link ancestor}.
   */
  private InternetDomainName(String name, ImmutableList<String> parts) {
    checkArgument(!parts.isEmpty(), "Cannot create an InternetDomainName with zero parts.");
    this.name = name;
    this.parts = parts;
  }

  /**
   * The index in the {@link #parts()} list at which the public suffix begins. For example, for the

      return "VarHandleAtomicHelper";
    }
  }

  /**
   * {@link AtomicHelper} based on {@link sun.misc.Unsafe}.
   *
   * <p>Static initialization of this class will fail if the {@link sun.misc.Unsafe} object cannot
   * be accessed.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("SunApi") // b/345822163
  private static final class UnsafeAtomicHelper extends AtomicHelper {
    static final Unsafe UNSAFE;
    static final long LISTENERS_OFFSET;