### 결과 응답 { #the-resulting-response }

클라이언트가 `http://example.com/items/foo`( `item_id` `"foo"`)를 요청하면, HTTP 상태 코드 200과 다음 JSON 응답을 받습니다:

```JSON
{
  "item": "The Foo Wrestlers"
}
```

하지만 클라이언트가 `http://example.com/items/bar`(존재하지 않는 `item_id` `"bar"`)를 요청하면, HTTP 상태 코드 404("not found" 오류)와 다음 JSON 응답을 받습니다:

```JSON
{
  "detail": "Item not found"
}
```

/// tip | 팁

)
def test_required_list_str_missing(path: str):
    client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.post(path)
    assert response.status_code == 422
    assert response.json() == {
        "detail": [
            {
                "type": "missing",
                "loc": ["body", "p"],
                "msg": "Field required",
                "input": IsOneOf(None, {}),
            }

Client `http://example.com/items/foo` (bir `item_id` `"foo"`) isterse, HTTP status code olarak 200 ve şu JSON response’u alır:

```JSON
{
  "item": "The Foo Wrestlers"
}
```

Ancak client `http://example.com/items/bar` (mevcut olmayan bir `item_id` `"bar"`) isterse, HTTP status code olarak 404 ("not found" hatası) ve şu JSON response’u alır:

```JSON
{
  "detail": "Item not found"
}
```

/// tip | İpucu

如果你在文档中交互并查看响应，即使代码没有给某个 `description` 字段赋值，JSON 响应中仍包含默认值（`null`）：

<div class="screenshot">
<img src="/img/tutorial/separate-openapi-schemas/image02.png">
</div>

这意味着它**总会有值**，只是有时该值可能为 `None`（在 JSON 中是 `null`）。

这也意味着，使用你的 API 的客户端无需检查该值是否存在，他们可以**假设该字段总会存在**，只是有时它会是默认值 `None`。

在 OpenAPI 中描述这一点的方式，是把该字段标记为**必填**，因为它总会存在。

因此，一个模型的 JSON Schema 会根据它用于**输入还是输出**而有所不同：

- 用于**输入**时，`description` **不是必填**

    return client


@needs_py310
def test_get(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/users")
    assert response.json() == {"username": "alice", "role": "admin"}


@needs_py310
def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("openapi.json")
    assert response.json() == snapshot(
        {
            "openapi": "3.1.0",
            "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},

tement":[{"Effect":"Allow","Action":["s3:*"],"Resource":["arn:aws:s3:::*"]}]},writeonly":{"Version":"2012-10-17","Statement":[{"Effect":"Allow","Action":["s3:PutObject"],"Resource":["arn:aws:s3:::*"]}]}} iam-assets/users.json {} iam-assets/groups.json {} iam-assets/svcaccts.json {"bobfisher-svcacct-1":{"parent":"uid=bobfisher,ou=people,ou=hwengg,dc=min,dc=io","accessKey":"bobfisher-svcacct-1","secretKey":"bobfisher-svcacct-1","groups":null,"claims":{"accessKey":"bobfisher-svcacct-1","ldapActualU...

Zum Beispiel deklariert das obige Modell ein JSON „`object`“ (oder Python-<abbr title="Dictionary – Zuordnungstabelle: In anderen Sprachen auch Hash, Map, Objekt, Assoziatives Array genannt">`dict`</abbr>) wie dieses:

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "description": "An optional description",
    "price": 45.2,
    "tax": 3.5
}
```

    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello, World!"}


def test_get_root_no_token():
    response = client.get("/")
    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Not authenticated"}


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

    assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello World"}


def test_default_openapi():
    client = get_client()
    response = client.get("/docs")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    response = client.get("/redoc")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.json() == snapshot(
        {

如果用戶端請求 `http://example.com/items/foo`（`item_id` 為 `"foo"`），會收到 200 的 HTTP 狀態碼，以及以下 JSON 回應：

```JSON
{
  "item": "The Foo Wrestlers"
}
```

但如果用戶端請求 `http://example.com/items/bar`（不存在的 `item_id` `"bar"`），會收到 404（"not found"）的 HTTP 狀態碼，以及以下 JSON 回應：

```JSON
{
  "detail": "Item not found"
}
```

/// tip

在 raise 一個 `HTTPException` 時，你可以將任何可轉為 JSON 的值作為 `detail` 參數，不只限於 `str`。

你可以傳入 `dict`、`list` 等。