async def add_process_time_header(request: Request, call_next):
    start_time = time.perf_counter()
    response = await call_next(request)
    process_time = time.perf_counter() - start_time
    response.headers["X-Process-Time"] = str(process_time)

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(
    q: Annotated[str | None, Query(min_length=3, max_length=50)] = None,
):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(q: Annotated[str | None, Query(alias="item-query")] = None):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(
    q: Annotated[
        str | None, Query(min_length=3, max_length=50, pattern="^fixedquery$")
    ] = None,
):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

Python'da bir class'tan instance oluştururken de aynı söz dizimini kullandığınızı fark etmiş olabilirsiniz.

Örneğin:

```Python
class Cat:
    def __init__(self, name: str):
        self.name = name


fluffy = Cat(name="Mr Fluffy")
```

Bu durumda `fluffy`, `Cat` class'ının bir instance'ıdır.

Ve `fluffy` oluşturmak için `Cat`'i "çağırmış" olursunuz.

If it doesn't see an `Authorization` header, or the value doesn't have a `Bearer ` token, it will respond with a 401 status code error (`UNAUTHORIZED`) directly.

You don't even have to check if the token exists to return an error. You can be sure that if your function is executed, it will have a `str` in that token.

You can try it already in the interactive docs:

S'il ne voit pas d'en-tête `Authorization`, ou si la valeur n'a pas de token `Bearer `, il répondra directement avec une erreur de code d'état 401 (`UNAUTHORIZED`).

Vous n'avez même pas à vérifier si le token existe pour renvoyer une erreur. Vous pouvez être sûr que si votre fonction est exécutée, elle aura une `str` dans ce token.

                    buf.append("%20");
                } else {
                    final String str = String.valueOf(c);
                    if (StringUtil.isAsciiPrintable(str)) {
                        buf.append(c);
                    } else {
                        buf.append(URLEncoder.encode(str, charset));
                    }
                }
            }

from inline_snapshot import snapshot
from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    app = FastAPI()

    class ModelWithRef(BaseModel):
        ref: str = Field(validation_alias="$ref", serialization_alias="$ref")
        model_config = ConfigDict(validate_by_alias=True, serialize_by_alias=True)

    @app.get("/", response_model=ModelWithRef)
    async def read_root() -> Any:

import json
from typing import AsyncIterable, Iterable  # noqa: UP035 to test coverage

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str


app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/stream-bare-async")
async def stream_bare_async() -> AsyncIterable:
    yield {"name": "foo"}


@app.get("/items/stream-bare-sync")