* natural ordering. The sorted multisets use {@link Ordering#natural()} as the comparator. This
   * method provides more type-safety than {@link #builder}, as it can be called only for classes
   * that implement {@link Comparable}.
   *
   * <p>Note: the type parameter {@code E} extends {@code Comparable<?>} rather than {@code

    /** Map from primitive types to wrapper types */
    protected static final Map<Class<?>, Class<?>> primitiveToWrapperMap = newHashMap();

    /** Map from primitive type names to classes */
    protected static final Map<String, Class<?>> primitiveNameToClassMap = newHashMap();

    static {
        wrapperToPrimitiveMap.put(Boolean.class, Boolean.TYPE);

   * ThreadLocal; however, ThreadLocal is not well optimized for the case where the ThreadLocal is
   * non-static, and is initialized/removed frequently - this causes churn in the Thread specific
   * hashmaps. Using a static ThreadLocal to avoid that overhead would mean that different
   * ExecutionSequencer objects interfere with each other, which would be undesirable, in addition

      return table.get(c);
    }

    @Override
    void setBits(BitSet bitSet) {
      bitSet.or(table);
    }
  }

  // Static constant implementation classes

  /** Implementation of {@link #any()}. */
  private static final class Any extends NamedFastMatcher {

    static final CharMatcher INSTANCE = new Any();

    private Any() {

Vous faites cela avec les types Python standard modernes.

Vous n'avez pas à apprendre une nouvelle syntaxe, les méthodes ou les classes d'une bibliothèque spécifique, etc.

Juste du **Python** standard.

Par exemple, pour un `int` :

```Python
item_id: int
```

ou pour un modèle `Item` plus complexe :

```Python

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}
```

////

ただの `str` の代わりに `str | None` を使用することで、値が常に `str` であると仮定しているときに、実際には `None` である可能性もあるというエラーをエディタが検出するのに役立ちます。

### 型としてのクラス { #classes-as-types }

変数の型としてクラスを宣言することもできます。

名前を持つ `Person` クラスがあるとしましょう:

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010_py310.py hl[1:3] *}

変数を `Person` 型として宣言できます:

En resumen, declaras **una vez** los tipos de parámetros, body, etc. como parámetros de función.

Lo haces con tipos estándar modernos de Python.

No tienes que aprender una nueva sintaxis, los métodos o clases de un paquete específico, etc.

Solo **Python** estándar.

Por ejemplo, para un `int`:

```Python
item_id: int
```

o para un modelo `Item` más complejo:

```Python
item: Item

    encoding bodies (`FormEncodingBuilder`).

## Version 2.0.0-RC1

_2014-05-23_

OkHttp 2 is designed around a new API that is true to HTTP, with classes for
requests, responses, headers, and calls. It uses modern Java patterns like
immutability and chained builders. The API now offers asynchronous callbacks
in addition to synchronous blocking calls.

#### API Changes

Mas ele foi criado antes de existirem as anotações de tipo do Python. Então, para definir cada <dfn title="a definição de como os dados devem ser formados">schema</dfn> você precisa utilizar utilitários e classes específicos fornecidos pelo Marshmallow.

/// check | Inspirou o **FastAPI** a

Usar código para definir "schemas" que forneçam, automaticamente, tipos de dados e validação.

///

import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Tester that runs automated sanity tests for any given class. A typical use case is to test static
 * factory classes like:
 *
 * <pre>
 * interface Book {...}
 * public class Books {
 *   public static Book hardcover(String title) {...}
 *   public static Book paperback(String title) {...}
 * }
 * </pre>
 *