**FastAPI** wouldn't exist if not for the previous work of others.

There have been many tools created before that have helped inspire its creation.

I have been avoiding the creation of a new framework for several years. First I tried to solve all the features covered by **FastAPI** using many different frameworks, plug-ins, and tools.

            }

            // Sometimes people may add new subproject into `subprojects.json`
            // in this case we have no historical test running time, so we simply add these subprojects into first available bucket
            val allSubprojectsInBucketJson = buckets.flatMap { it.subprojects.map { it.name } }.toSet()

            val allSubprojectsInModel = model.subprojects.getSubprojectsForFunctionalTest(testCoverage)

 *
 * Comment lines are either blank or start with a `#` character. Lines may also end with a comment.
 * All comments are ignored.
 *
 * Regular lines contain fields separated by semicolons.
 *
 * The first element on each line is a single hex code point (like 0041) or a hex code point range
 * (like 0030..0039).
 *
 * The second element on each line is a mapping type, like `valid` or `mapped`.
 *

   * the more direct await* methods, but should be reliable enough in practice to avoid flakiness of
   * this test. (And if it isn't, we'd like to know about it first!)
   */
  public void testAwaitFullGc() {
    final CountDownLatch finalizerRan = new CountDownLatch(1);
    final WeakReference<Object> ref =
        new WeakReference<Object>(
            new Object() {

    File tempFile = createTempFile();
    PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(tempFile, "UTF-8");
    writer.println("rud a chur ar an méar fhada");
    writer.close();

    // First check that we can't find it without setting the context loader.
    // This is a sanity check that the test doesn't spuriously pass because
    // the resource is visible to the system class loader.

  private final long k0;
  private final long k1;

  /**
   * @param c the number of compression rounds (must be positive)
   * @param d the number of finalization rounds (must be positive)
   * @param k0 the first half of the key
   * @param k1 the second half of the key
   */
  SipHashFunction(int c, int d, long k0, long k1) {
    checkArgument(

  private static final class NoInterface {}

  private abstract static class Implementation<K, V> implements Iterable<V>, Map<K, V> {}

  private abstract static class First<T> {}

  private abstract static class Second<D> extends First<D> {}

  private abstract static class Third<T, D> extends Second<T> {}

  private abstract static class Fourth<T, D> extends Third<D, T> {}

    }

    // just for testing
    private <T> Prepender() {
      this(null, 0);
    }

    static <T> Iterable<String> prepend(@NotBlank String first, Iterable<String> tail) {
      return Iterables.concat(ImmutableList.of(first), tail);
    }

    Iterable<String> prepend(Iterable<String> tail)
        throws IllegalArgumentException, NullPointerException {

        // and enclosingclass -> superClass paths.
        // Since we follow the path of superclass first, enclosing second,
        // superclass mapping should take precedence.
        return;
      }
      // First, check whether var -> arg forms a cycle
      for (Type t = arg; t != null; t = mappings.get(TypeVariableKey.forLookup(t))) {
        if (var.equalsType(t)) {

```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="9  11"
{!> ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py!}
```

////

/// info

To use `EmailStr`, first install <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" class="external-link" target="_blank">`email-validator`</a>.