class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: set[str] = set()
    image: Union[Image, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}

                    "name": "Foo",
                    "description": "A very nice Item",
                    "price": 35.4,
                    "tax": 3.2,
                }
            ]
        }


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}

from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    item_id: int,
    item: Annotated[
        Item,
        Body(
            examples=[
                {
                    "name": "Foo",

---

回到前面的代码示例，**FastAPI** 将会：

* 校验 `GET` 和 `PUT` 请求的路径中是否含有 `item_id`。
* 校验 `GET` 和 `PUT` 请求中的 `item_id` 是否为 `int` 类型。
    * 如果不是，客户端将会收到清晰有用的错误信息。
* 检查 `GET` 请求中是否有命名为 `q` 的可选查询参数（比如 `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`）。
    * 因为 `q` 被声明为 `= None`，所以它是可选的。
    * 如果没有 `None` 它将会是必需的 (如 `PUT` 例子中的请求体)。
* 对于访问 `/items/{item_id}` 的 `PUT` 请求，将请求体读取为 JSON 并：
    * 检查是否有必需属性 `name` 并且值为 `str` 类型 。

      new ImmutableTable.Builder<String, SecretKey, HashFunction>()
          .put("HmacMD5", MD5_KEY, Hashing.hmacMd5(MD5_KEY))
          .put("HmacSHA1", SHA1_KEY, Hashing.hmacSha1(SHA1_KEY))
          .put("HmacSHA256", SHA256_KEY, Hashing.hmacSha256(SHA256_KEY))
          .put("HmacSHA512", SHA512_KEY, Hashing.hmacSha512(SHA512_KEY))
          .buildOrThrow();

  public void testNulls() {

    @BeforeClass
    public static void beforeClass() throws Exception {
        runner = new OpenSearchRunner();
        runner.onBuild((number, settingsBuilder) -> {
            settingsBuilder.put("http.cors.enabled", true);
            settingsBuilder.put("discovery.type", "single-node");
        })
                .build(newConfigs().clusterName("SuggestIndexerTest")
                        .numOfNode(1)

    }

    /** Map for normalizing protocols */
    protected static final Map<String, String> CANONICAL_PROTOCOLS = newHashMap();
    static {
        CANONICAL_PROTOCOLS.put("wsjar", "jar"); // Proprietary protocol used by WebSphere for jar files
        CANONICAL_PROTOCOLS.put("vfsfile", "file"); // Proprietary protocol used by JBossAS5 for file system
    }

    /**
     * Opens a URL and returns an {@link InputStream}.
     *

     * @return the previous value associated with key, or null if no mapping existed
     */
    @Override
    public Object put(final String key, final Object value) {
        return parent.put(key, value);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the mapping for a key from this map if it is present.
     *
     * @param key the key whose mapping is to be removed from the map

        if (cacheRecord != null && cacheRecord.getException() != null) {
            throw cacheRecord.getException();
        }
        return cacheRecord;
    }

    @Override
    public CacheRecord put(Key key, Set<Artifact> projectArtifacts) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(projectArtifacts, "projectArtifacts cannot be null");
        assertUniqueKey(key);

        SetWithResolutionResult artifacts;

        default=None, title="The description of the item", max_length=300
    )
    price: float = Field(gt=0, description="The price must be greater than zero")
    tax: float | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item = Body(embed=True)):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}