or a <i>synchronizing operation</i> such as an atomic data access,
	a mutex operation, or a channel operation,</li>
	<li>its location in the program,</li>
	<li>the memory location or variable being accessed, and</li>
	<li>the values read or written by the operation.</li>
</ul>
<p>

// PERFORMANCE, SUCH AS IN THE OPERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES, AIRCRAFT
// NAVIGATION OR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL, DIRECT LIFE
// SUPPORT MACHINES, OR WEAPONS SYSTEMS, IN WHICH THE FAILURE OF THE
// SOFTWARE COULD LEAD DIRECTLY TO DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY, OR SEVERE
// PHYSICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ("HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES").  WIDGET WORKSHOP
// SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR
// HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES.
//

        // The BigInteger implementation is tested separately, use it as the reference.
        // Promote the int value (rather than using intValue() on the expected value) to avoid
        // any risk of truncation which could lead to a false positive.
        assertEquals(BigIntegerMath.sqrt(valueOf(x), mode), valueOf(IntMath.sqrt(x, mode)));
      }
    }
  }

  /* Relies on the correctness of sqrt(int, FLOOR). */

   * 3. Tests on a mechanically generated dataset for chains starting with percentiles();
   * 4. Tests of illegal usages of the API.
   */

  /*
   * Covering every combination would lead to an explosion in the number of tests. So we cover only:
   * - median with compute taking a double-collection and with computeInPlace;
   * - quartiles with index and with indexes taking int-varargs, and with compute taking a

   * 3. Tests on a mechanically generated dataset for chains starting with percentiles();
   * 4. Tests of illegal usages of the API.
   */

  /*
   * Covering every combination would lead to an explosion in the number of tests. So we cover only:
   * - median with compute taking a double-collection and with computeInPlace;
   * - quartiles with index and with indexes taking int-varargs, and with compute taking a

   * factor, and concurrency settings.
   */
  public static <E> ConcurrentHashMultiset<E> create() {
    return create(new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new {@code ConcurrentHashMultiset} containing the specified elements, using the
   * default initial capacity, load factor, and concurrency settings.
   *

   * this saves both time and space versus traversing the same graph using {@code forGraph()}.
   *
   * <p>Providing a graph to be traversed for which there is more than one path from the start
   * node(s) to any node may lead to:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>Traversal not terminating (if the graph has cycles)
   *   <li>Nodes being visited multiple times (if multiple paths exist from any start node to any

   * factor, and concurrency settings.
   */
  public static <E> ConcurrentHashMultiset<E> create() {
    return create(new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new {@code ConcurrentHashMultiset} containing the specified elements, using the
   * default initial capacity, load factor, and concurrency settings.
   *

    Node<K, V> head;
    Node<K, V> tail;
    int count;

    KeyList(Node<K, V> firstNode) {
      this.head = firstNode;
      this.tail = firstNode;
      firstNode.previousSibling = null;
      firstNode.nextSibling = null;
      this.count = 1;
    }
  }

  private transient @Nullable Node<K, V> head; // the head for all keys

 * read-write locks. Conceptually, lock striping is the technique of dividing a lock into many
 * <i>stripes</i>, increasing the granularity of a single lock and allowing independent operations
 * to lock different stripes and proceed concurrently, instead of creating contention for a single
 * lock.
 *
 * <p>The guarantee provided by this class is that equal keys lead to the same lock (or semaphore),