spb = append(strconv.AppendInt(spb, int64(len(spd)), 10), '\n')
			for _, s := range spd {
				hdr.Size += s.Length
				spb = append(strconv.AppendInt(spb, s.Offset, 10), '\n')
				spb = append(strconv.AppendInt(spb, s.Length, 10), '\n')
			}
			pad := blockPadding(int64(len(spb)))
			spb = append(spb, zeroBlock[:pad]...)
			hdr.Size += int64(len(spb)) // Accounts for encoded sparse map

			ops     fileOps
			wantCnt int64
			wantErr error
		}
		testRemaining struct { // logicalRemaining() == wantLCnt, physicalRemaining() == wantPCnt
			wantLCnt int64
			wantPCnt int64
		}
		testFnc any // testRead | testWriteTo | testRemaining
	)

	type (
		makeReg struct {
			str  string
			size int64
		}
		makeSparse struct {
			makeReg makeReg

		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("%s: <ERROR> %s", instanceType, err)
		}
		_, err = obj.PutObject(context.Background(), "bucket", "newPrefix2", mustGetPutObjReader(t, bytes.NewBufferString(uploadContent), int64(len(uploadContent)), "", ""), opts)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("%s: <ERROR> %s", instanceType, err)

// Since de-compression is after decryption encryption overhead is only added to compressedOffset.
func getCompressedOffsets(oi ObjectInfo, offset int64, decrypt func([]byte) ([]byte, error)) (compressedOffset int64, partSkip int64, firstPart int, decryptSkip int64, seqNum uint32) {
	var skipLength int64
	var cumulativeActualSize int64
	var firstPartIdx int
	for i, part := range oi.Parts {
		cumulativeActualSize += part.ActualSize

	Typeflag byte

	Name     string // Name of file entry
	Linkname string // Target name of link (valid for TypeLink or TypeSymlink)

	Size  int64  // Logical file size in bytes
	Mode  int64  // Permission and mode bits
	Uid   int    // User ID of owner
	Gid   int    // Group ID of owner
	Uname string // User name of owner
	Gname string // Group name of owner

	bts := make([]byte, 0, v.Msgsize())
	bts, _ = v.MarshalMsg(bts[0:0])
	b.SetBytes(int64(len(bts)))
	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		bts, _ = v.MarshalMsg(bts[0:0])
	}
}

func BenchmarkUnmarshalDailyAllTierStats(b *testing.B) {
	v := DailyAllTierStats{}
	bts, _ := v.MarshalMsg(nil)
	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.SetBytes(int64(len(bts)))
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {

	bts := make([]byte, 0, v.Msgsize())
	bts, _ = v.MarshalMsg(bts[0:0])
	b.SetBytes(int64(len(bts)))
	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		bts, _ = v.MarshalMsg(bts[0:0])
	}
}

func BenchmarkUnmarshalMetricDescription(b *testing.B) {
	v := MetricDescription{}
	bts, _ := v.MarshalMsg(nil)
	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.SetBytes(int64(len(bts)))
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {

type WarmBackendGetOpts struct {
	startOffset int64
	length      int64
}

// WarmBackend provides interface to be implemented by remote tier backends
type WarmBackend interface {
	Put(ctx context.Context, object string, r io.Reader, length int64) (remoteVersionID, error)
	PutWithMeta(ctx context.Context, object string, r io.Reader, length int64, meta map[string]string) (remoteVersionID, error)

	bts := make([]byte, 0, v.Msgsize())
	bts, _ = v.MarshalMsg(bts[0:0])
	b.SetBytes(int64(len(bts)))
	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		bts, _ = v.MarshalMsg(bts[0:0])
	}
}

func BenchmarkUnmarshalrebalanceInfo(b *testing.B) {
	v := rebalanceInfo{}
	bts, _ := v.MarshalMsg(nil)
	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.SetBytes(int64(len(bts)))
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {

func NewDummyDataGen(totalLength, skipOffset int64) io.ReadSeeker {
	if totalLength < 0 {
		panic("Negative length passed to DummyDataGen!")
	}
	if skipOffset < 0 {
		panic("Negative rotations are not allowed")
	}

	skipOffset %= int64(len(alphabets))
	const multiply = 100
	as := bytes.Repeat(alphabets, multiply)
	b := as[skipOffset : skipOffset+int64(len(alphabets)*(multiply-1))]
	return &DummyDataGen{