originalContext.encode(buffer, 0);

        // Create a new context and decode
        DirectoryLeaseContext decodedContext = new DirectoryLeaseContext(new Smb2LeaseKey(), 0, DirectoryCacheScope.IMMEDIATE_CHILDREN);
        decodedContext.decode(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

        // Verify decoded values
        assertArrayEquals(originalKey.getKey(), decodedContext.getLeaseKey().getKey());

	errDuplicatedXMLTag = Errorf("duplicated XML Tag")
	errUnknownXMLTag    = Errorf("unknown XML Tag")
)

// UnmarshalXML - decodes XML data.
func (tag *Tag) UnmarshalXML(d *xml.Decoder, start xml.StartElement) (err error) {
	var keyAlreadyParsed, valueAlreadyParsed bool
	for {
		// Read tokens from the XML document in a stream.
		t, err := d.Token()
		if err != nil {

    class IntegrationTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should maintain state after multiple decodes")
        void testMultipleDecodes() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
            // First decode
            byte[] buffer1 = createValidCopyChunkResponse(1, 1024, 1024);
            response.decode(buffer1, 0, buffer1.length);
            assertEquals(1, response.getChunksWritten());

    bytesIn.writeByte(0x40) // Literal indexed
    bytesIn.writeByte(0x88) // Literal name Huffman encoded 8 bytes
    // decodes to custom-key which is length 10
    bytesIn.write("25a849e95ba97d7f".decodeHex())
    bytesIn.writeByte(0x89) // Literal value Huffman encoded 9 bytes
    // decodes to custom-value which is length 12
    bytesIn.write("25a849e95bb8e8b4bf".decodeHex())
  }

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test decode with owner SID only")
    void testDecodeWithOwnerSidOnly() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
        // Prepare buffer with owner SID only
        prepareMinimalSecurityDescriptorBuffer(testBuffer, 0, true, false, false);

        int size = securityDescriptor.decode(testBuffer, 0, testBuffer.length);

        // decode returns 0 when no DACL is present (falls through)

	errMalformedJWKECKey  = errors.New("malformed JWK EC key")
)

// DecodePublicKey - decodes JSON Web Key (JWK) as public key
func (key *JWKS) DecodePublicKey() (crypto.PublicKey, error) {
	switch key.Kty {
	case "RSA":
		if key.N == "" || key.E == "" {
			return nil, errMalformedJWKRSAKey
		}

		// decode exponent
		ebuf, err := base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(key.E)
		if err != nil {

     */
    public OpenSearchAccessResultData(final Map<String, Object> src) {
        setTransformerName((String) src.get(TRANSFORMER_NAME));
        setEncoding((String) src.get(ENCODING));
        final String dataStr = (String) src.get(DATA);
        if (dataStr != null) {
            try {
                setData(Base64Util.decode(dataStr));
            } catch (final Exception e) {

        // Byte count (2 bytes)
        buffer[53] = 0x00;
        buffer[54] = 0x00;

        // Test decode
        int bytesDecoded = response.decode(buffer, 0);

        // Should decode at least the header
        assertTrue(bytesDecoded > 0);

        // Verify the command was decoded correctly
        assertEquals(ServerMessageBlock.SMB_COM_TRANSACTION2, response.getCommand());
    }

    @Test

    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @MethodSource("int32Provider")
    @DisplayName("readParameterWordsWireFormat correctly decodes 32-bit offset")
    void testReadParameterWords(int expectedInt, byte[] bytes) {
        // The implementation reads via SMBUtil.readInt4 which returns an int
        // When assigned to a long field, it gets sign-extended

     */
    protected abstract void encodeWitnessParameters(NdrBuffer buf) throws NdrException;

    /**
     * Decodes the witness RPC message parameters from NDR format.
     * Subclasses must implement this method to decode their specific parameters.
     *
     * @param buf the NDR buffer to decode from
     * @throws NdrException if decoding fails
     */