# Introduction aux Types Python

Python supporte des annotations de type (ou *type hints*) optionnelles.

Ces annotations de type constituent une syntaxe spéciale qui permet de déclarer le <abbr title="par exemple : str, int, float, bool">type</abbr> d'une variable.

En déclarant les types de vos variables, cela permet aux différents outils comme les éditeurs de texte d'offrir un meilleur support.

```Python hl_lines="2  7 8 9 10  23 24 25"
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: bool = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}

func newTestReaderEOF(data []byte) io.Reader {
	return &testOneByteReadEOF{false, data}
}

// OneByteReadEOF - implements io.Reader which returns 1 byte along with io.EOF error.
type testOneByteReadEOF struct {
	eof  bool
	data []byte
}

func (r *testOneByteReadEOF) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
	if r.eof {
		return 0, io.EOF
	}
	n = copy(p, r.data)
	r.eof = true
	return n, io.EOF
}

func TestSkipContentSha256Cksum(t *testing.T) {
	testCases := []struct {
		inputHeaderKey   string
		inputHeaderValue string

		inputQueryKey   string
		inputQueryValue string

		expectedResult bool
	}{
		// Test case - 1.
		// Test case with "X-Amz-Content-Sha256" header set, but to empty value but we can't skip.
		{"X-Amz-Content-Sha256", "", "", "", false},

		// Test case - 2.

		uploadID        string
		PartID          int
		inputReaderData string
		inputMd5        string
		inputSHA256     string
		inputDataSize   int64
		// flag indicating whether the test should pass.
		shouldPass bool
		// expected error output.
		expectedMd5   string
		expectedError error
	}{
		// Test case  1-4.
		// Cases with invalid bucket name.

// * unsigned char is used for booleans (instead of the 'bool' type).
//   In C++ bool is a keyword while in C99 bool is a macro defined
//   in stdbool.h. It is possible for the two to be inconsistent.
//   For example, neither the C99 nor the C++11 standard force a byte
//   size on the bool type, so the macro defined in stdbool.h could
//   be inconsistent with the bool keyword in C++. Thus, the use

	xhttp "github.com/minio/minio/internal/http"
)

func TestIsXLMetaFormatValid(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		name    int
		version string
		format  string
		want    bool
	}{
		{1, "123", "fs", false},
		{2, "123", xlMetaFormat, false},
		{3, xlMetaVersion100, "test", false},
		{4, xlMetaVersion101, "hello", false},
		{5, xlMetaVersion100, xlMetaFormat, true},

	default:
		logger.CriticalIf(GlobalContext, errors.New("Unsupported bitrot algorithm"))
		return nil
	}
}

// Available reports whether the given algorithm is available.
func (a BitrotAlgorithm) Available() bool {
	_, ok := bitrotAlgorithms[a]
	return ok
}

// String returns the string identifier for a given bitrot algorithm.
// If the algorithm is not supported String panics.
func (a BitrotAlgorithm) String() string {

    }

    public void bool(BoolCall<ElevateWordCQ> boolLambda) {
        bool(boolLambda, null);
    }

    public void bool(BoolCall<ElevateWordCQ> boolLambda, ConditionOptionCall<BoolQueryBuilder> opLambda) {
        ElevateWordCQ mustQuery = new ElevateWordCQ();
        ElevateWordCQ shouldQuery = new ElevateWordCQ();
        ElevateWordCQ mustNotQuery = new ElevateWordCQ();

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):