**作用域**只是不带空格的字符串。

常用于声明指定安全权限，例如：

* 常见用例为，`users:read` 或 `users:write`
* 脸书和 Instagram 使用 `instagram_basic`
* 谷歌使用 `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive`

/// info | 说明

OAuth2 中，**作用域**只是声明指定权限的字符串。

是否使用冒号 `:` 等符号，或是不是 URL 并不重要。

这些细节只是特定的实现方式。

对 OAuth2 来说，都只是字符串而已。

///

## 获取 `username` 和 `password` 的代码

接下来，使用 **FastAPI** 工具获取用户名与密码。

def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/items/": {
                "get": {
                    "responses": {
                        "200": {

def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/items/": {
                "get": {
                    "responses": {
                        "200": {

def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == snapshot(
        {
            "openapi": "3.1.0",
            "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
            "servers": [
                {
                    "url": "https://stag.example.com",
                    "description": "Staging environment",
                },

def test_openapi():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/app": {
                "get": {
                    "summary": "Read Main",
                    "operationId": "read_main_app_get",

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.codelibs.fess.opensearch.user.exentity.User;
import org.dbflute.Entity;
import org.dbflute.dbmeta.AbstractDBMeta;
import org.dbflute.dbmeta.info.ColumnInfo;
import org.dbflute.dbmeta.info.UniqueInfo;
import org.dbflute.dbmeta.name.TableSqlName;
import org.dbflute.dbmeta.property.PropertyGateway;
import org.dbflute.dbway.DBDef;
import org.dbflute.util.DfTypeUtil;

/**

```console
$ ./traefik --configFile=traefik.toml

INFO[0000] Configuration loaded from file: /home/user/awesomeapi/traefik.toml
```

</div>

Und jetzt starten Sie Ihre Anwendung mit Uvicorn, indem Sie die Option `--root-path` verwenden:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ fastapi run main.py --forwarded-allow-ips="*" --root-path /api/v1

        final ExtractData extractData = jsonExtractor.getText(in, null);
        CloseableUtil.closeQuietly(in);

        final String content = extractData.getContent();
        logger.info(content);

        // Verify content contains expected fields
        assertTrue(content.contains("title"));
        assertTrue(content.contains("Sample Document"));
        assertTrue(content.contains("author"));

@Singleton
public class LifecycleDebugLogger {
    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

    public void debug(String s) {
        logger.debug(s);
    }

    public void info(String s) {
        logger.info(s);
    }

    public void debugReactorPlan(ProjectBuildList projectBuilds) {
        if (!logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            return;
        }

Esto puede hacer mucho más fácil para tus usuarios **implementar sus APIs** para recibir tus requests de **webhook**, incluso podrían ser capaces de autogenerar algo de su propio código de API.

/// info | Información

Los webhooks están disponibles en OpenAPI 3.1.0 y superiores, soportados por FastAPI `0.99.0` y superiores.

///

## Una aplicación con webhooks { #an-app-with-webhooks }