from typing import Any

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item)
async def create_item(item: Item) -> Any:
    return item


@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[Item])

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl

app = FastAPI()


class Image(BaseModel):
    url: HttpUrl
    name: str


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: set[str] = set()
    image: Union[Image, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")

import importlib
from types import ModuleType
from unittest.mock import patch

import pytest

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="module",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial008b_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial008b_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.python_types.{request.param}")
    return mod

                if (oldNullability && !newNullability) {
                    errors << "Parameter $idx from null accepting to non-null accepting breaking change".toString()
                } else if (!oldNullability && newNullability) {
                    warnings << "Parameter $idx nullability changed from non-nullable to nullable".toString()
                }
            }
        }

    /**
     * Creates a copy of the data suitable for retrieval from the cache. The retrieved data can be mutated after the
     * cache is queried but the state of the cache must not change so we need to make a copy.
     *
     * @param data The data to retrieve from the cache, must not be {@code null}.
     * @return The data being retrieved from the cache, never {@code null}.
     */
    T fromCache(T data);

    /**

  <span style="background-color:#009485"><font color="#D3D7CF"> FastAPI </font></span>  Starting development server 🚀

             Searching for package file structure from directories
             with <font color="#3465A4">__init__.py</font> files
             Importing from <font color="#75507B">/home/user/code/</font><font color="#AD7FA8">awesomeapp</font>

# `UploadFile` class

You can define *path operation function* parameters to be of the type `UploadFile` to receive files from the request.

You can import it directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import UploadFile
```

::: fastapi.UploadFile
    options:
        members:
            - file
            - filename
            - size
            - headers
            - content_type
            - read

from base64 import b64encode

from fastapi import FastAPI, Security
from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()

security = HTTPBasic(realm="simple")


@app.get("/users/me")
def read_current_user(credentials: HTTPBasicCredentials = Security(security)):
    return {"username": credentials.username, "password": credentials.password}


client = TestClient(app)

from datetime import datetime

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Subscription(BaseModel):
    username: str
    monthly_fee: float
    start_date: datetime


@app.webhooks.post("new-subscription")
def new_subscription(body: Subscription):
    """
    When a new user subscribes to your service we'll send you a POST request with this

        ByteEncodable encodable = new ByteEncodable(data, 1, 2); // off=1, len=2, data.length=2. 1+2 > 2

        byte[] dest = new byte[5];

        // Expect IndexOutOfBoundsException from System.arraycopy
        assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> {
            encodable.encode(dest, 0);
        }, "Should throw IndexOutOfBoundsException if source offset + length exceeds source array bounds");